Table 3 Analysis of demographic, behavioural, familial and societal factors with teenage pregnancy
Variables | Pregnant girls n (%) | Test statistics X2 (df) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | |||
Age group | |||
Older teenagers (15–19) (N = 378) | 152 (40.2) | 37.87*** (1) | |
Younger teenagers (13–14) (N = 102) | 8 (7.8) | ||
Place of residence | |||
Rural (N = 195) | 82 (42.1) | 11.23*** (1) | |
Urban (N = 285) | 78 (27.4) | ||
School attendance by teenage girls | |||
In school (N = 246) | 8 (3.3) | 205.48*** (1) | |
Not in school (N = 234) | 152 (65.0) | ||
Father’s education | |||
No education (N = 33) | 21 (63.6) | 16.54*** (3) | |
Primary education (N = 104) | 38 (36.5) | ||
Secondary education (N = 106) | 30 (28.3) | ||
Post-secondary education (N = 237) | 71 (30.0) | ||
Mother’s education | |||
No education (N = 81) | 46 (56.8) | 31.87*** (3) | |
Primary education (N = 134) | 44 (32.8) | ||
Secondary education (N = 105) | 37 (35.2) | ||
Post-secondary education (N = 160) | 33 (20.6) | ||
Type of parents’ occupation | |||
Farmer (N = 157) | 46 (29.3) | 19.68*** (3) | |
Business (N = 150) | 45 (30.0) | ||
Government/employed (N = 53) | 32 (60.4) | ||
Others* (N = 120) | 37 (30.8) | ||
Behavioural variables | |||
Age at first sex | |||
Younger age (13–14) (N = 35) | 23 (65.7) | 7.10** (1) | |
Older age (15–19) (N = 325) | 137 (42.2) | ||
Multiple sexual partners | |||
Yes (N = 111) | 89 (80.2) | 83.00*** (1) | |
No (N = 249) | 71 (28.5) | ||
Frequency of sex in a week | |||
Less than two times (N = 244) | 70 (28.7) | 76.13*** (1) | |
More than two times (N = 116) | 90 (77.6) | ||
Frequency of alcohol use per week | |||
Yes (N = 130) | 52 (40.0) | 2.21 (1) | |
No (N = 56) | 29 (51.8) | ||
Frequency of contraceptive use | |||
Never (N = 112) | 20 (17.9) | 46.55*** (1) | |
Rarely (N = 248) | 140 (56.5) | ||
Familial Variables | |||
Socio-economic status of families | |||
High (N = 133) | 38 (28.6) | 7.62* (2) | |
Medium (N = 152) | 43 (28.3) | ||
Low (N = 195) | 79 (40.5) | ||
Marital status of teenage girls | |||
Married (N = 167) | 86 (51.5) | 38.02*** (1) | |
Not married (N = 313) | 74 (23.6) | ||
Parental separation/divorce | |||
Yes (N = 113) | 54 (47.8) | 13.90*** (1) | |
No (N = 367) | 106 (28.9) | ||
Person teenager is living with | |||
Live with both parents (N = 212) | 54 (25.5) | 21.43*** (4) | |
Live with only father (N = 39) | 11 (28.2) | ||
Live with only mother (N = 92) | 44 (47.8) | ||
Live with husband (N = 66) | 31 (47.0) | ||
Live with relative (N = 71) | 20 (28.2) | ||
Domestic violence in families | |||
Yes (N = 317) | 122 (38.5) | 11.15*** (1) | |
No (N = 163) | 38 (23.3) | ||
Physical neglect of teenage girls | |||
Yes (N = 275) | 108 (39.3) | 10.22*** (1) | |
No (N = 205) | 126 (25.4) | ||
Parents alive | |||
Yes (N = 347) | 98 (28.2) | 14.61*** (1) | |
No (N = 133) | 62 (46.6) | ||
Societal Variables | |||
Peer pressure among teenagers | |||
Yes (N = 270) | 116 (43.0) | 25.75*** (1) | |
No (N = 210) | 44 (21.0) | ||
Sexual abuse of teenage girls | |||
Yes (N = 162) | 97 (59.9) | 77.53*** (1) | |
No (N = 318) | 63 (19.8) | ||
Control over sex among partners | |||
Yes (N = 165) | 19 (11.5) | 133.77*** (1) | |
No (N = 195) | 141 (72.3) | ||
Sexual and reproductive awareness | |||
Yes (N = 321) | 78 (24.3) | 35.59*** (1) | |
No (N = 159) | 82 (51.6) | ||
Perception of cultural norm on sex | |||
Yes allowed before 18 (N = 256) | 106 (41.1) | 16.09*** (1) | |
Not allowed below 18 (N = 224) | 54 (24.1) | ||