Table 4 ORs and 95% CIs of ICSI compared with IVF for major birth defects among fertile men (n = 42,448 cycles)
Type of major birth defect | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
IVF | ICSI | IVF | ICSI | |
Any major anomaly | Ref. | 1.19 (0.94 to 1.50) | Ref. | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.52) |
Cardiovascular | ||||
Ventricular septal defect | Ref. | 1.46 (0.94 to 2.28) | Ref. | 1.38 (0.90 to 2.10) |
Atrial septal defect | Ref. | 1.85 (0.55 to 6.27) | Ref. | 1.81 (0.50 to 6.63) |
Tetralogy of Fallot | Ref. | 0.38 (0.10 to 1.49) | Ref. | 0.38 (0.10 to 1.47) |
Musculoskeletal | ||||
Omphalocele | Ref. | 2.08 (0.13 to 33.7) | Ref. | 2.14 (0.12 to 36.9) |
Gastroschisis | Ref. | – | Ref. | – |
Diaphragmatic hernia | Ref. | 3.12 (1.04 to 9.36) | Ref. | 3.53 (1.15 to 10.9) |
Polydactyly | Ref. | 0.92 (0.48 to 1.73) | Ref. | 0.95 (0.49 to 1.85) |
Syndactyly | Ref. | 0.69 (0.22 to 2.14) | Ref. | 0.77 (0.23 to 2.57) |
Urogenital | ||||
Hypospadiasa | Ref. | 1.56 (0.45 to 5.45) | Ref. | 1.69 (0.49 to 5.78) |
Gastrointestinal | ||||
Alimentary atresiab | Ref. | 1.80 (0.80 to 4.07) | Ref. | 1.97 (0.88 to 4.39) |
Esophageal atresia | Ref. | 1.39 (0.40 to 4.83) | Ref. | 1.61 (0.45 to 5.76) |
Atresia of small intestine | Ref. | 2.08 (0.59 to 7.29) | Ref. | 1.80 (0.48 to 6.75) |
Rectal and large intestinal atresia | Ref. | 2.38 (0.77 to 7.39) | Ref. | 2.69 (0.87 to 8.33) |
Central nervous system | ||||
Anencephaly | Ref. | 0.45 (0.18 to 1.11) | Ref. | 0.53 (0.20 to 1.45) |
Spina bifida | Ref. | 1.82 (0.73 to 4.52) | Ref. | 1.73 (0.64 to 4.70) |
Orofacial | ||||
Cleft lip with and without cleft palate | Ref. | 1.39 (0.73 to 2.64) | Ref. | 1.28 (0.66 to 2.46) |