Skip to main content

Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted associations of various characteristics of women with adequate plus use of care, and split by subsequent referral in the study practice

From: Determinants and underlying causes of frequent attendance in midwife-led care: an exploratory cross-sectional study

 

Study population

Not referred

Referred

Unadjusted OR (CI)

n ≤ 1053a

Adjusted OR (CI)

n = 937

Unadjusted OR (CI)

n ≤ 560a

Adjusted OR (CI)

n = 502

Unadjusted OR (CI)

n ≤ 493a

Adjusted OR (CI)

n = 435

Predisposing variables

Age

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

 

0.98 (0.94–1.02)

 

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

0.95 (0.90–1.00)

 Level of Educationa

  Low

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Middle

1.13 (0.70–1.83)

 

1.66 (0.74–3.71)

 

0.91 (0.49–1.69)

 

  High

1.06 (0.65–1.73)

 

1.47 (0.65–3.31)

 

0.91 (0.48–1.71)

 

 Ethnic Backgrounda

  Dutch

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Western Non-Dutch

0.57 (0.31–1.04)

 

0.74 (0.34–1.59)

 

0.46 (0.16–1.26)

 

  Non-Western Non-Dutch

0.78 (0.58–1.01)

 

1.03 (0.66–1.59)

 

0.58 (0.38–0.88)

 

 Occupationa

  Unemployed

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Employed

1.03 (0.76–1.41)

 

1.07 (0.68–1.69)

 

0.99 (0.64–1.52)

 

Enabling variables

 Deprived areaa

  No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

  Yes

0.76 (0.52–1.10)

0.64 (0.42–0.99)

1.01 (0.58–1.75)

 

0.55 (0.33–0.92)

0.50 (0.27–0.92)

 Team

  1

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  2

0.76 (0.57–1.02)

 

0.71 (0.47–1.09)

 

0.79 (0.53–1.17)

 

 Year

  2015

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

  2016

1.34 (1.01–1.79)

1.56 (1.12–2.18)

1.07 (0.70–1.62)

 

1.64 (1.09–2.46)

2.42 (1.45–4.05)

Need variables

 Parity

  Nulliparous

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Multiparous

0.86 (0.73–1.03)

 

0.87 (0.66–1.14)

 

0.83 (0.66–1.05)

 

 Start of pregnancya

  Spontaneous

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Assisted

1.56 (1.14–2.15)

1.49 (1.04–2.13)

1.32 (0.73–2.37)

 

1.60 (1.08–2.36)

 

Duration of getting pregnanta

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

 

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

 

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

 

 Attendance general practitioner

  No

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Yes

1.43 (0.96–2.12)

 

1.17 (0.62–2.20)

 

1.54 (0.92–2.58)

 

 Attendance Specialist

  No

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Yes

1.35 (0.99–1.84)

 

1.08 (0.67–1.75)

 

1.49 (0.98–2.26)

 

 Consultation Obstetriciana

  No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

  Yes

3.46 (2.50–4.79)

3.39 (2.37–4.85)

3.74 (2.26–6.18)

3.99 (2.35–6.77)

3.52 (2.28–5.45)

2.75 (1.66–4.57)

 Psychosocial problemsa

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

  No

1.53 (1.07–2.17)

 

1.24 (0.75–2.07)

 

1.85 (1.13–3.03)

1.85 (1.02–3.35)

  Yes in the past

2.69 (1.70–4.25)

 

1.28 (0.56–2.93)

 

3.85 (2.13–6.93)

2.99 (1.43–6.25)

  Yes at present

 Sexual or domestic violencea

  No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Yes

2.27 (1.55–3.33)

2.25 (1.44–3.49)

1.92 (1.06–3.48)

2.17 (1.11–4.24)

2.43 (1.46–4.03)

 

 Prescribed Drugsa

  No

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Yes

1.42 (0.89–2.26)

 

1.29 (0.59–2.81)

 

1.36 (0.75–2.46)

 

 Number of ultrasounds

  (mean)

1.18 (1.07–1.31)

1.18 (1.05–1.33)

1.09 (0.94–1.27)

 

1.27 (1.11–1.46)

1.38 (1.15–1.65)

Health behaviour variables

 Smokinga

  No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

 

  Yes

1.81 (1.32–2.50)

1.59 (1.10–2.30)

1.81 (1.13–2.90)

 

1.75 (1.13–2.71)

 

 BMIa

  Normal weight

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

  Overweight

1.34 (0.93–1.86)

1.51 (1.04–2.18)

1.02 (0.61–1.70)

 

1.52 (0.96–2.39)

1.88 (1.09–3.24)

  Obese

0.96 (0.61–1.50)

0.80 (0.47–1.35)

0.61 (0.25–1.48)

 

1.02 (0.59–1.77)

0.79 (0.39–1.58)

  1. asample size varies due to missing data; OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals 95%; education: low (primary school and some vocational training), intermediate (secondary school and completed vocational training), and high (college and/or university)