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Table 1 Various characteristics of women with adequate plus or adequate use of prenatal care, split by referrals to an obstetrician in the study practice (N = 1053)

From: Determinants and underlying causes of frequent attendance in midwife-led care: an exploratory cross-sectional study

 

Study population N = 1053 (%)

Non-referred

Adequate plus

N = 110 (10.4%)

Non-referred

Adequate

N = 450 (42.7%)

Referred

Adequate plus

N = 133 (12.6%)

Referred

Adequate

N = 360 (34.2%)

Healthcare utilization

 Adequate plus (cases)

243 (23.1)

    

 Adequate (controls)

810 (76.9)

    

Referrals

 Non-referred

560 (53.2)

    

 Referred

493 (46.8)

    

Consultations face-to-face

 Mean (sd)

10.8 (4.2)

15.5 (3.6)

11.8 (2.7)

12.5 (4.2)

7.7 (3.6)

Predisposing variables

 Age in years

  Mean (sd)

29.2 (4.2)

28.2 (5.0)

28.7 (4.7)

29.3 (5.1)

30.1 (4.9)

 Level of Educationa

  Low

121 (11.9)

8 (7.5)

49 (11.2)

18 (14.3)

46 (13.1)

  Middle (intermediate)

479 (47.0)

55 (51.4)

203 (46.6)

58 (46.0)

163 (46.6)

  High

419 (41.1)

44 (41.1)

184 (42.2)

50 (39.7)

141 (40.3)

 Ethnic Backgrounda

  Dutch

500 (47.5)

55 (50.0)

221 (49.1)

74 (55.6)

150 (41.8)

  Western Non-Dutch

85 (8.1)

9 (8.3)

49 (10.9)

5 (3.8)

22 (6.1)

  Non-Western Non-Dutch

467 (44.4)

46 (41.8)

180 (40.0)

54 (40.6)

187 (52.1)

 Marital status

  Single

27 (2.6)

4 (3.6)

14 (3.1)

5 (3.8)

4 (1.1)

  Married/partner

1026 (97.4)

106 (96.4)

436 (96.9)

128 (96.2)

356 (98.9)

 Occupationa

  Unemployed

326 (31.2)

33 (30.3)

142 (31.8)

41 (31.1)

110 (30.9)

  Employed

718 (68.8)

76 (69.7)

305 (68.2)

91 (68.9)

246 (69.1)

Enabling variables

 Deprived areaa

  No

835 (79.4)

91 (82.7)

372 (82.9)

110 (82.7)

262 (72.8)

  Yes

217 (20.6)

19 (17.3)

77 (17.1)

23 (17.3)

98 (27.2)

 Team

  1

530 (50.3)

64 (58.2)

224 (49.8)

71 (53.4)

171 (47.5)

  2

523 (49.7)

46 (41.8)

226 (50.2)

62 (46.6)

189 (52.5)

 Year

  2015

510 (48.4)

53 (48.2)

224 (49.8)

51 (38.3)

182 (50.6)

  2016

543 (51.6)

57 (51.8)

226 (50.2)

82 (61.7)

178 (49.4)

Need variables

 Consultations telephone

  Mean (sd)

2.8 (3.2)

4.7 (4.5)

2.1 (2.4)

4.8 (4.3)

2.3 (2.4)

 Parity

  Nulliparous

509 (48.3)

59 (53.6)

222 (49.3)

66 (49.6)

162 (45.0)

  Multiparous

544 (51.7)

51 (46.4)

228 (50.7)

67 (50.4)

198 (55.0)

 Start of pregnancya

  Spontaneous

989 (94.9)

104 (96.3)

429 (96.4)

117 (88.6)

339 (95.0)

  Assisted

53 (5.1)

4 (3.7)

16 (3.6)

15 (11.4)

18 (5.0)

 Duration of getting pregnant in monthsa

  mean (sd)

5.2 (10.2)

5.2 (10.1)

4.1 (7.9)

6.7 (13.0)

5.9 (11.2)

 Attendance general practitioner

  No

911 (86.5)

96 (87.3)

400 (88.9)

106 (79.7)

309 (85.8)

  Yes

142 (13.5)

14 (12.7)

50 (11.1)

27 (20.3)

51 (14.2)

 Attendance Specialist

  No

757 (71.9)

82 (74.5)

342 (76.0)

81 (60.9)

252 (70.0)

  Yes

296 (28.1)

28 (25.5)

108 (24.0)

52 (39.1)

108 (30.0)

 Consultation Obstetriciana

  No

478 (45.5)

22 (20.0)

217 (48.3)

36 (27.1)

203 (56.7)

  Yes

572 (54.5)

88 (80.0)

232 (51.7)

97 (72.9)

155 (43.3)

 Psychosocial problemsa

  No

749 (71.3)

77 (70.0)

333 (74.5)

72 (54.1)

267 (74.2)

  Yes in the past

211 (20.1)

25 (22.7)

87 (19.5)

33 (24.8)

66 (18.3)

  Yes at present

90 (8.6)

8 (7.3)

27 (6.0)

28 (21.1)

27 (7.5)

 POP consultation

  No

1018 (96.7)

104 (94.5)

443 (98.4)

121 (91.0)

350 (97.2)

  Yes

35 (3.3)

6 (5.5)

7 (1.6)

12 (9.0)

10 (2.8)

 Sexual or domestic violencea

  No

915 (87.1)

91 (82.7)

407 (90.6)

100 (75.2)

317 (88.1)

  Yes

136 (12.9)

18 (16.5)

42 (9.4)

33 (24.8)

43 (11.9)

 Prescribed Drugsa

  No

955 (90.9)

101 (91.8)

420 (93.5)

114 (85.7)

320 (89.1)

  Yes

96 (9.1)

9 (8.2)

29 (6.5)

19 (14.3)

39 (10.9)

 Number of ultrasounds

  Mean (sd)

3.9 (1.4)

4.1 (1.3)

3.9 (1.4)

4.2 (1.5)

3.7 (1.5)

Health behaviours variables

 Smokinga

  No

806 (76.7)

77 (70.0)

363 (80.8)

88 (66.2)

278 (77.4)

  Yes

245 (23.3)

33 (30.0)

86 (19.2)

45 (33.8)

81 (22.6)

 Alcohol usea

  No

1006 (95.7)

101 (91.8)

434 (96.7)

122 (91.7)

349 (97.2)

  Yes

45 (4.3)

9 (8.2)

15 (3.3)

11 (8.3)

10 (2.8)

 Drugs addictiona

  No

1028 (97.8)

109 (99.1)

441 (98.2)

124 (93.2)

354 (98.6)

  Yes

23 (2.2)

1 (0.9)

8 (1.8)

9 (6.8)

5 (1.4)

 BMIa

  Normal weight

656 (62.5)

80 (72.7)

315 (70.5)

64 (48.1)

197 (54.9)

  Overweight

256 (24.4)

24 (21.8)

93 (20.8)

46 (34.6)

93 (25.9)

  Obese

137 (13.1)

6 (5.5)

39 (8.7)

23 (17.3)

69 (19.2)

  1. asample size varies due to missing data; valid percentages are shown; POP Psychiatrist-Obstetrician Pediatricianclinic; education: low (primary school and some vocational training), intermediate (secondary school and completed vocational training), and high (college and/or university)