Optimizing ultraviolet B radiation exposure to prevent vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in the tropical zone: report from cohort study on vitamin D status and its impact during pregnancy in Indonesia

Table 5 Associations among factors influencing UV radiation and maternal serum vitamin D level. Data collection form (Additional file 1)

Exposure	Outcome	cOR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
TBSA (m²) exposed to sun	normal	ref
	deficiency	1.89E-107 (2.24E-204 - 1.6E-10)	0.03	3.76E-93 (1.39E-226 - 1.02E+41)	0.18
	insufficiency	3.22E-22 (3.35E-124 - 3.12E+80)	0.68	2.14-16 (3.97E-152 - 1.15E+120)	0.82
Percentage of body area exposed to sun	normal	ref
	deficiency	0.93 (0.87-0.99)	0.02	0.94 (0.86-1.02)	0.12
	insufficiency	0.99 (0.93-1.05)	0.69	0.99 (0.91-1.08)	0.83
UVB intensity (MED/hour)	normal	ref
	deficiency	0.74 (0.23-2.4)	0.23	1.85 (0.26-13.13)	0.54
	insufficiency	1.23 (0.37-4.13)	0.37	2.98 (0.41-21.49)	0.28

cOR crude odds ratio
aOR adjusted odds ratio by age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, education, and the use of sunscreen

ISSN: 1471-2393