Factors associated with choice of antenatal, delivery and postnatal services between HIV positive and HIV negative women in Zambia

Muzyamba, Choolwe; Groot, Wim; Pavlova, Milena; Tomini, Sonila M.

doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2272-0

Table 1 A summary of characteristics (differences and similarities) between HIV positive and HIV negative populations. (Which we summarized in our previous study

From: Factors associated with choice of antenatal, delivery and postnatal services between HIV positive and HIV negative women in Zambia

Variable (N = 12, 225)		Frequency		Valid Percentage (%)		(t) and (χ²)
Variable (N = 12, 225)		HIV +	HIV-	HIV +	HIV-
Type of residence	Urban	1014	4752	48.66	47.85	103.151***
	Rural	1098	5359	51.34	52.15	17.117***
	Total	2113	10, 112
Religion	catholic	369	1792	17.47	17.72	17.011***
	protestant	1722	8209	81.50	81.19	13.060***
	Muslim	10	50	0.45	0.49	1.251**
	other	12	62	0.58	0.60	0.015***
	Total	2113	10,112
Education	no education	165	1187	7.8	11.74	23.110***
	primary	951	5747	45.54	56.83	9.463***
	secondary	845	2811	40.50	27.80	16.717***
	higher	128	404	6.11	4.01	76.701***
	Total	2113	10,112
Wealth index	poorest	374	1742	17.72	17.23	121.123***
	poorer	364	1866	17.23	18.45	10.104***
	middle	464	2154	21.50	21.24	12.330***
	richer	467	2053	21.37	20.91	8.145***
	richest	468	2225	22.17	22.18	109.204***
	Total	2113	10,112
Age	Age 15–25	972	4045	46	40.61	111.020**
	Age 26–35	592	3235	28	32.26	20.511***
	Age 36–45	549	2732	26	27.14	0.500**
	Total	2113	10,112
Health insurance	No health insurance	2066	9808	97.82	97.40	91.166**
	With health insurance	46	303	2.18	2.60	76.661***
	Total	2113	10,112
Availability of drugs in facility	Big problem	586	4142	27.74	40.96	10.221***
	Not a big problem	1527	5970	72.26	59.04	12.770***
	Total	2113	10,112
Distance to facilitates	Big problem	795	4348	37.64	43.95	2.091***
	Not a big problem	1318	5764	63.26	59.05	12.413**
	Total	2113	10,112
Attitude of health professionals	Big problem	549	3369	26.40	33.32	8.543***
	Not a big problem	1564	6743	73.60	66.68	4.500***
	total	2113	10,112
Choice of care at Antenatal	TBA	486	2375	23.00	23.49	0.828***
	Health professional	1527	7737	77.00	76.51	2.798***
	total	2113	10,112
Choice of care at birth	TBA	448	2124	21.10	21.00	16.223***
	Health professional	1665	7989	78.90	79.00	18.123***
	Total	2113	10,112
Choice of care at Postnatal	TBA	507	2395	24.01	23.68	13.352***
	Health professional	1606	7718	75.09	76.32	19.113***
	total	2113	10,112

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10. Reported p-values are based on ttests of means for continuous variables and chi-squares for proportions/categorical variables

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