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Table 3 Analysis of selected pregnancy outcomes stratified by BMI

From: Maternal body mass index and risk of neonatal adverse outcomes in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Characteristics

PTB

Fetal distress

Neonatal asphyxia

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

Underweight

Sample size

 ≤ 10,000

13

0.92 (0.72–1.16)

0.344

4

1.05 (0.80–1.13)

0.505

9

1.24 (0.92–1.67)

–

 10,000~50,000

6

1.10 (0.99–1.22)

 

1

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

 

0

NA

 

 ≥ 50,000

2

1.06 (1.00–1.12)

 

0

NA

 

0

NA

 

BMI cut-off

 WHO

4

1.17 (0.99–1.38)

0.240

1

1.40 (0.60–3.30)

0.445

1

1.57 (0.62–3.97)

0.956

 APS

1

1.05 (0.68–1.62)

 

0

NA

 

1

0.90 (0.41–1.97)

 

 WGOC

16

0.99 (0.91–1.09)

 

4

0.95 (0.81–1.12)

 

7

1.26 (0.87–1.84)

 

BMI source

 Recorded

10

1.00 (0.82–1.20)

0.775

3

1.03 (0.78–1.38)

0.674

7

1.30 (0.90–1.88)

0.569

 Measured

4

1.05 (0.91–1.22)

 

0

NA

 

0

NA

 

 Self-reported

4

0.92 (0.68–1.24)

 

1

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

 

0

NA

 

 Questionnaire

2

1.20 (1.03–1.39)

 

1

1.52 (0.43–5.31)

 

1

1.81 (0.60–5.48)

 

 Not reported

1

0.94 (0.69–1.27)

 

0

NA

 

1

0.91 (0.54–1.54)

 

Language

 English

10

1.03 (0.95–1.12)

0.688

2

0.93 (0.78–1.10)

0.388

0

NA

–

 Chinese

11

1.04 (0.84–1.29)

 

3

1.14 (0.79–1.64)

 

9

1.24 (0.92–1.67)

 

Confounders

 Adjusted

12

1.01 (0.93–1.10)

0.276

2

0.93 (0.78–1.10)

0.388

0

NA

–

 Unadjusted

9

1.12 (0.89–1.40)

 

3

1.14 (0.79–1.64)

 

9

1.24 (0.92–1.67)

 

Geographic region

 North China

8

0.79 (0.62–1.01)

0.083

2

0.99 (0.65–1.50)

0.901

2

1.14 (0.59–2.20)

0.875

 South China

10

1.13 (0.98–1.30)

 

3

0.96 (0.81–1.14)

 

7

1.25 (0.87–1.81)

 

 All

3

1.06 (1.01–1.12)

 

0

NA

 

0

NA

 

Overweight/Obesity

Sample size

 ≤ 10,000

13

1.64 (1.46–1.83)

< 0.001

4

0.94 (0.50–1.77)

0.869

9

1.74 (1.38–2.18)

–

 10,000~50,000

6

1.28 (1.13–1.45)

 

1

0.85 (0.60–1.19)

 

0

NA

 

 ≥ 50,000

2

1.10 (1.05–1.15)

 

0

NA

 

0

NA

 

BMI cut-off

 WHO

4

1.40 (1.14–1.79)

0.775

1

0.92 (0.44–1.92)

0.997

1

1.08 (0.49–2.39)

0.227

 APS

1

1.39 (0.78–2.49)

 

0

NA

 

1

1.42 (0.54–3.71)

 

 WGOC

16

1.37 (1.23–1.54)

 

4

0.91 (0.54–1.52)

 

7

1.84 (1.44–2.34)

 

BMI source

 Recorded

10

1.29 (1.14–1.47)

0.245

3

0.65 (0.49–0.86)

0.097

7

1.72 (1.32–2.24)

0.830

 Measured

4

1.24 (0.99–1.56)

 

0

NA

 

0

NA

 

 Self-reported

4

1.79 (1.44–2.24)

 

1

0.85 (0.60–1.19)

 

0

NA

 

 Questionnaire

2

1.42 (0.93–2.19)

 

1

2.63 (1.37–5.03)

 

1

2.76 (1.50–5.08)

 

 Not reported

1

1.42 (1.01–1.99)

 

0

NA

 

1

1.11 (0.60–2.07)

 

Language

 English

10

1.39 (1.23–1.56)

0.839

2

0.74 (0.56–0.98)

0.533

0

NA

–

 Chinese

11

1.37 (1.18–1.60)

 

3

1.10 (0.44–2.79)

 

9

1.74 (1.38–2.18)

 

Confounders

 Adjusted

12

1.38 (1.23–1.55)

0.983

2

0.74 (0.56–0.98)

0.533

0

NA

–

 Unadjusted

9

1.46 (1.29–1.52)

 

3

1.10 (0.44–2.79)

 

9

1.74 (1.38–2.18)

 

Geographic region

 North China

8

1.63 (1.41–1.88)

0.002

2

1.26 (0.31–5.07)

0.472

2

2.21 (1.19–4.09)

0.283

 South China

10

1.26 (1.12–1.41)

 

3

0.77 (0.59–1.01)

 

7

1.63 (1.26–2.09)

 

 All

3

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

 

0

NA

 

0

NA

 
  1. NA not available, BMI body mass index, WHO World Health Organization, APS Asia-Pacific standard, WGOC Working Group on Obesity in China, LGA large for gestational age, SGA small for gestational age, LBW low birth weight, PTB premature birth