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Table 6 Adjusted estimates of risks for clinical manifestations and outcomes in pregnant admissions overall and by subtype/lineage

From: Epidemiology of influenza in pregnant women hospitalized with respiratory illness in Moscow, 2012/2013–2015/2016: a hospital-based active surveillance study

 

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) a

 

Any influenza

A(H1N1)pdm09

A(H3N2)

B/Yamagata

B/Victoria

Characteristic

N = 825

N = 361

N = 224

N = 106

N = 76

Signs and symptoms

 Fever

6.34 (4.01–10.03)

5.81 (3.02–11.17)

6.36 (2.88–10.65)

11.0 (2.65–45.73)

5.56 (1.31–23.51)

 Headache

1.03 (0.84–1.25)

1.35 (1.02–1.77)

0.84 (0.62–1.14)

0.72 (0.47–1.09)

1.41 (0.83–2.40)

 Malaise

1.05 (0.86–1.29)

1.67 (1.26–2.22)

0.72 (0.53–0.98)

0.56 (0.37–0.85)

1.84 (1.01–3.33)

 Myalgia

1.83 (1.48–2.26)

2.62 (1.98–3.47)

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

1.71 (1.11–2.63)

2.12 (1.28–3.52)

 Cough

2.76 (2.13–3.43)

4.21 (3.04–5.83)

2.03 (1.47–2.82)

2.14 (1.35–3.38)

4.72 (2.35–9.45)

 Sore throat

0.64 (0.51–0.80)

0.53 (0.39–0.71)

0.71 (0.50–1.00)

0.57 (0.36–0.89)

0.78 (0.44–1.39)

 Dyspnea

1.10 (0.78–1.54)

2.31 (1.54–3.49)

0.37 (0.18–0.77)

0.42 (0.16–1.08)

0.98 (0.37–2.63)

Days between symptom onset and admission

 Below median

1

1

1

1

1

 Median or above

1.43 (0.88–2.32)

2.06 (1.12–3.79)

1.29 (0.56–2.99)

1.15 (0.43–3.13)

0.96 (0.26–3.51)

Length of stay

 Below median

1

1

1

1

1

 Median or above

0.94 (0.77–1.14)

1.34 (1.02–176)

0.72 (0.53–0.98)

0.52 (0.34–0.80)

1.08 (0.65–1.77)

Pregnancy outcome

 Abortion

0.32 (0.16–0.64)

0.44 (0.18–1.09)

0.30 (0.09–1.05)

0.36 (0.80–1.67)

 Stillbirth

1.10 (0.47–2.59)

0.35 (0.07–1.72)

1.14 (0.30–4.35)

3 (0.87–10.28)

1.34 (0.25–7.06)

 Live delivery

0.74 (0.52–1.06)

0.78 (0.47–1.29)

0.64 (0.37–1.10)

0.90 (0.45–1.78)

0.62 (0.20–1.94)

 Preterm delivery

0.89 (0.45–1.78)

1.07 (0.45–2.56)

0.67 (0.22–2.06)

0.42 (0.05–3.31)

2.42 (0.47–2.38)

 Cesarean delivery

0.96 (0.45–2.06)

0.46 (0.12–1.70)

1.22 (0.44–3.42)

0.87 (0.18–4.07)

 Low birth weight

0.34 (0.10–1.10)

0.28 (0.03–2.13)

0.42 (0.09–2.06)

2.85 (0.29–1.07)

  1. aAdjusted for age, trimester, comorbidity, hospital admission in the previous 12 months, time to swab, and season-week