Fig. 2

Integrative review model. Conceptual model resulting from the integrative review proposes that interventions targeted at mitigating the risks associated with a GDM pregnancy should not only include diet and physical activity domains but may also integrate and/or include strategies for improving self-efficacy and self-regulation of eating, exercise, psychosocial well-being, and social/ family support. In the first black circle, diet, physical activity, and psychosocial well-being interventions for women with GDM are represented. In the second gray circle, the outcomes which are improved for the mother following a diet, physical activity and psychosocial intervention are illustrated. Finally, the largest gray circle represents the neonatal outcomes which may also be improved if the mother follows a diet, physical activity and psychosocial intervention