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Table 5 Logistic regression results of predictors of maternal healthcare utilization

From: Access and utilization of maternal healthcare in a rural district in the forest belt of Ghana

Variables

Antenatal care visits > 3 aOR [95% CI]

Skilled delivery aOR [95% CI]

Postnatal care aOR [95% CI]

A. Socio-economic

Age (ref = < 24)

− 24–34

1.48 [0.77, 2.84]

1.64 [0.90, 3.01]

1.63 [0.97, 2.73]

− > 34

2.33 [0.58, 9.47]

2.73 [1.13, 6.59]*

2.06 [0.92, 4.63]

Highest educational level (ref = none)

− Primary

1.34 [0.53, 3.39]

2.11 [1.10, 4.05]*

1.75 [0.97, 3.17]

− Middle/JHS

1.05 [0.49, 2.26]

2.18 [1.23, 3.87]**

1.40 [0.82, 2.40]

− Secondary/Tertiary/others

0.54 [0.22, 1.32]

1.39 [0.56, 3.46]

0.85 [0.40, 1.80]

Religion (ref = Christian)

− Muslim

0.51 [0.22, 1.20]

1.52 [0.73, 3.15]

1.19 [0.63, 2.23]

− Other

0.30 [0.07, 1.27]

0.45 [0.10, 2.03]

1.11 [0.30, 4.08]

Employed

1.47 [0.77, 2.83]

0.76 [0.38, 1.55]

1.21 [0.69, 2.14]

Marital status (ref = married)

− Cohabitation

2.07 [1.14, 3.77]*

0.92 [0.57, 1.48]

0.97 [0.63, 1.49]

− Single/Divorced

0.93 [0.31, 2.79]

2.42 [0.46, 12.84]

1.02 [0.38, 2.79]

Number of children (ref = 1 and 2)

− 3 or more

2.15 [0.97, 4.77]

0.55 [0.31, 0.98]*

0.83 [0.49, 1.40]

Household wealth (ref = first)

− Second quintile

0.73 [0.40, 1.50]

1.00 [0.53, 1.91]

1.45 [0.84, 2.49]

− Third quintile

0.71 [0.31, 1.63]

1.12 [0.58, 2.19]

1.63 [0.93, 2.86]

− Fourth quintile (Highest)

1.52 [0.63, 3.70]

1.39 [0.71, 2.70]

2.84 [1.63, 4.94]***

B. Access to healthcare

Active NHIS membership

0.24 [0.04, 1.64]

0.47 [0.12, 1.86]

1.71 [0.57, 5.13]

Proximity to health facility (ref = < 30)

− 30–60

0.61 [0.36, 1.03]

1.55 [0.99, 2.43]

0.95 [0.65, 1.39]

− > 60

0.49 [0.17, 1.41]

1.30 [0.50, 3.38]

0.78 [0.35, 1.75]

Health facility main source of care

3.45 [1.97, 6.03]***

2.36 [1.49, 3.73]***

0.83 [0.57, 1.20]

C. Knowledge level

Knowledge about pregnancy related emergencies (ref = low)

− Moderate

1.14 [0.44, 2.97)

0.88 [0.44, 1.75]

N/A

Knowledge about danger signs of newborn (ref = low)

− High

0.47 [0.06, 3.67]

0.15 [0.01, 2.55]

0.33 [0.03, 3.81]

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01;***p < 0.001; aOR = adjusted Odds Ratio
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