From: Access and utilization of maternal healthcare in a rural district in the forest belt of Ghana
Variables | Frequency N = 720 | Percentage | Antenatal care visits > 3 (N = 493) | p-value | Skilled delivery (N = 602) | p-value | Postnatal care (N = 242) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | ||||||
Age | ||||||||
− < 24 | 319 | 44.3 | 71.5 | < 0.001 | 60.8 | 0.411 | 30.2 | < 0.001 |
− 24–34 | 316 | 43.9 | 88.8 |  | 64.0 |  | 46.6 |  |
− 34 and above | 85 | 11.9 | 92.8 |  | 70.3 |  | 53.6 |  |
Highest educational level | ||||||||
− None | 121 | 16.8 | 83.2 | 0.048 | 53.5 | 0.123 | 39.3 | 0.254 |
− Primary | 148 | 20.6 | 86.2 |  | 65.7 |  | 46.3 |  |
− Middle/JHS | 357 | 49.6 | 81.9 |  | 67.0 |  | 40.1 |  |
− Secondary/Tertiary/others | 94 | 13.1 | 70.7 |  | 66.7 |  | 32.0 |  |
Religion | ||||||||
− Christianity | 633 | 87.9 | 83.5 | 0.005 | 64.4 | 0.081 | 40.0 | 0.695 |
− Islamic | 65 | 9.0 | 71.2 |  | 66.7 |  | 44.1 |  |
− Other | 22 | 3.1 | 61.1 |  | 33.3 |  | 33.3 |  |
Marital status | ||||||||
− Single* | 55 | 7.7 | 81.9 | < 0.001 | 66.9 | 0.485 | 47.4 | 0.032 |
− Married | 208 | 28.9 | 85.3 |  | 61.8 |  | 38.5 |  |
− Cohabitation | 457 | 63.5 | 53.8 |  | 70.0 |  | 28.8 |  |
Employment status | ||||||||
− Unemployed/student/other | 562 | 78.1 | 68.5 | < 0.001 | 59.7 | 0.403 | 27.7 | 0.001 |
− Employed | 158 | 21.9 | 85.8 |  | 64.9 |  | 43.9 |  |
Number of living children | ||||||||
− None | 200 | 27.8 | 50.6 | < 0.001 | 30.6 | < 0.001 | 5.5 | < 0.001 |
− 1 | 160 | 22.2 | 96.3 |  | 75.2 |  | 60.4 |  |
− 2 | 118 | 16.4 | 92.5 |  | 63.4 |  | 49.7 |  |
− 3 or more | 342 | 33.6 | 91.5 |  | 61.6 |  | 50.4 |  |
Registered with NHIS | ||||||||
− Yes | 697 | 97.1 | 88.9 | 0.426 | 76.9 | 0.318 | 40.5 | 0.543 |
− No | 23 | 2.9 | 81.5 |  | 63.4 |  | 33.3 |  |
Card active (n = 697) | 695 | 99.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proximity to health facility (minutes spent) (n = 719) | ||||||||
− < 30 | 373 | 51.9 | 82.9 | 0.665 | 60.6 | 0.270 | 40.3 | 0.881 |
− 30–60 | 304 | 42.3 | 80.0 |  | 68.1 |  | 40.4 |  |
− > 60 | 42 | 5.8 | 80.6 |  | 63.3 |  | 36.1 |  |
Household wealth (n = 641) | ||||||||
− First quartile (lowest) | 137 | 21.4 | 85.7 | 0.031 | 61.1 | 0.598 | 29.5 | < 0.001 |
− Second quartile | 187 | 29.2 | 76.9 |  | 61.2 |  | 36.1 |  |
− Third quartile | 142 | 22.1 | 81.8 |  | 64.5 |  | 40.5 |  |
− Fourth quartile (Highest) | 175 | 27.3 | 89.0 |  | 68.5 |  | 56.1 |  |
Perceived socio-economic status | ||||||||
− Rich | 46 | 6.4 | 92.5 | < 0.001 | 88.6 | 0.014 | 65.0 | 0.010 |
− Moderately rich | 486 | 67.5 | 85.5 |  | 62.8 |  | 37.7 |  |
− Poor | 143 | 19.9 | 70.5 |  | 58.8 |  | 40.2 |  |
− Very poor | 45 | 6.3 | 71.1 |  | 60.7 |  | 40.0 |  |