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Table 4 The association of FGM with birth complication among parturients with (n = 142) and without FGM (n = 139) in Karamara hospital, Jijiga, eastern Ethiopia, from October to December, 2014

From: Sequela of female genital mutilation on birth outcomes in Jijiga town, Ethiopian Somali region: a prospective cohort study

Types of complication

Complication

CRR(95%CI)

P-value

ARR (95% CI)a

No

Yes

Number (%)

Number (%)

Prolonged 2nd stage of labour

 Non-exposed

118 (92.9)

9(7.1)

1

 

1

 Exposed

120(87.6)

17(12.4)

1.75(0.80–3.75)

0.154

1.33(0.56–3.16)

Perineal tear

 Non-exposed

128(92.8)

10(7.2)

1

 

1

 Exposed

108(76.6)

33(23.4)

3.22(1.65–6.29)

0.001

2.52(1.26–5.02)*

Postpartum blood loss

 Non-exposed

134(96.4)

5(3.6)

1

 

1

 Exposed

126(88.7)

16(11.3)

3.13(1.17–8.31)

0.022

3.14(1.27–7.78)*

Outlet obstruction

 Non-exposed

119(85.6)

20(14.4)

1

 

1

 Exposed

92(64.8)

50(35.2)

2.44(1.54–3.88)

< 0.001

1.83(1.19–2.79)*

Emergency CS

 Non-exposed

129(92.8)

10(7.2)

1

 

1

 Exposed

116(81.7)

26(18.3)

2.54(1.27–5.07)

0.008

2.31(1.10–4.82)*

APGAR score < 7

 Non-exposed

127(94.8)

7(5.2)

1

 

1

 Exposed

113(87.6)

16(12.4)

2.37(1.01–5.58)

0.047

1.35 (0.56–3.2)

Fresh stillbirthb

 Non-exposed

136(97.8)

3(2.2)

   

 Exposed

136(95.8)

6(4.2)

   
  1. a Adjusted for potential confounders (parity, age, birth weight, educational status, ANC visit, height, distance traveled and MUAC) * P < 0.05 bNot calculated because of insufficient number of cases