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Table 2 Results of data analysis

From: Participation of father in perinatal care: a qualitative study from the perspective of mothers, fathers, caregivers, managers and policymakers in Iran

Code

Sub-category

Category

• Providing settings for sufficient rest time for wife

 • Provide massages to wife during pregnancy

Physical care of wife during pregnancy

Help in maintaining the health of the mother and fetus

 • Avoid smoking at home during pregnancy

 • Considering their wives’ condition during sexual intercourse

Maintaining the health of the mother and fetus

 • Reduce daily overtime and arrive home earlier

 • Continuous presence alongside spouse at end of pregnancy

Increase the presence of husbands at home during pregnancy

 • Make sure wife eats sufficient, nutritious and healthy food during pregnancy

 • Realize importance of feeding pregnant wife

Concern for the mother’s nutrition during pregnancy

 • Provide the necessary clothing and equipment for wife during pregnancy

 • Provide cost of perinatal care and paraclinical measures

Meeting the financial needs of the mother during pregnancy and delivery

 • Accompany mother to pregnancy classes

 • Accept an active role in health care decisions

Accompanying the mother to prenatal classes and during pregnancy check-ups, delivery and postpartum care

 • Be empathetic and companionable to wife in the event of complications in pregnancy

 • Understand the condition of wife in having nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

 • Be empathic and participate with wife in the event of a high risk pregnancy

Empathy with mother

Emotional support of mother

 • Do not create tension at home during the perinatal period

 • Consider the emotional and physical conditions of the mother when inviting guests during pregnancy

 • Help the wife create a positive mental image of her body

Providing peace of mind for mother during pregnancy

 • Use proper language when talking to pregnant wife

 • Do not order wife about or be aggressive towards her during pregnancy

Practicing good behavior and manners during pregnancy

 • Verbally express appreciation of wife to tolerate pregnancy and childbirth

 • Show appreciation of wife by giving gifts during pregnancy and childbirth

Showing appreciation for his wife’s efforts during pregnancy and after delivery

 • Do not reduce attention to mother after childbirth (and increase attention to child)

 • Understand the emotional needs of wife in postpartum period

Provision of wife’s emotional needs after delivery

 

 • Correct management of postpartum blues after delivery

 • Provide mental relaxation for wife and child after delivery at home

Appropriate management of postpartum emotional problems

 • Participate in the care of the other children during pregnancy

 • Help with cooking and wash dishes

Husband’s participation in home and life affairs

Comprehensive participation of father in married life

 • Reduce expectations regarding a wife’s duties about laundry and cooking

 • Avoid argument with wife about not being able to do housework or cook

Lower expectations about houswork of the wife during pregnancy

 • Accompany a working pregnant woman on the way to and from work

 • Prepare environment for wife to rest after working outside the home

Accompanying the working mother to and from work during pregnancy

 • Plan for a well-equipped childbirth center for delivery of baby

 • Transfer his wife to the hospital in-time

Planning for delivery

Preparing for safe delivery

 • Active presence alongside wife during childbirth

 • Presence beside wife in the time after childbirth

Presence of the husband beside his wife during delivery

 • Be supportive of baby’s first breastfeeding in hospital

 • Provide kangaroo care if necessary after delivery

Husband’s participation in mother’s and infant’s care after delivery in the hospital

Postpartum support

 • Provide companionship during breastfeeding at night

 • Provide a proper diet for a mother who is breastfeeding

Husband’s participation in breastfeeding

 • Take paternal leave to care for wife and baby in the early days after childbirth

 • Help by changing diapers and bathing baby

Husband’s participation in mother and infant care at home after delivery