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Table 2 Institutional-based proportion of c-section deliveries among mothers with a last birth occurred within five years prior to each survey, by survey round

From: Trend of caesarean deliveries in Egypt and its associated factors: evidence from national surveys, 2005–2014

 

EDHS-2005 N = 6517

EDHS-2008 N = 5713

P-value a

EDHS-2014 N = 9964

P-value b

Absolute difference

C-section, %

C-section, %

C-section, %

(% in 2014–% in 2005

Socio-demographic

Age at last birth

  ≥ 35

37.2

44.3

0.007

62.4

<0.001

25.2

 30–34

35.5

43.1

<0.001

62.4

<0.001

26.9

 25–29

33.6

42.3

<0.001

61.5

<0.001

27.9

 19–24

29.2

37.1

<0.001

61.8

<0.001

32.6

  ≤ 18

25.8

33.6

0.038

59.9

<0.001

34.1

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

0.903

  

Socioeconomic status

 Low

22.7

33.5

<0.001

51.6

<0.001

28.9

 Medium

29.2

35.2

0.001

57.9

<0.001

28.7

 High

37.0

44.2

<0.001

66.1

<0.001

29.1

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

Lifetime parity

 Multipara with ≥4 children

27.3

33.3

0.001

52.2

<0.001

24.9

 Multipara with 2–3 children

32.9

40.8

<0.001

61.8

<0.001

28.9

 Primigravidas

35.6

43.9

<0.001

70.0

<0.001

34.4

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

FGMc

 No

44.8

53.5

0.027

68.9

<0.001

24.1

 Yes

31.8

39.5

<0.001

61.1

<0.001

29.3

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

Missing

5

0

 

3

  

BMI

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

26.2

36.3

<0.001

57.6

<0.001

31.4

 High risk (<18.5, ≥25)

34.2

41.6

<0.001

62.8

<0.001

28.6

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

Missing

69

41

 

80

  

Spatial

Residence

 Urban

36.8

44.5

<0.001

65.8

<0.001

29.0

 Rural

28.4

36.9

<0.001

59.7

<0.001

31.3

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

Region

 Urban governorates

40.4

44.6

0.034

67.3

<0.001

26.9

 Urban-Lower Egypt

42.0

48.8

0.008

73.6

<0.001

31.6

 Rural-Lower Egypt

32.3

38.4

<0.001

65.8

<0.001

33.5

 Urban-Upper Egypt

27.6

41.2

<0.001

57.8

<0.001

30.2

 Rural-Upper Egypt

22.2

34.4

<0.001

50.2

<0.001

28.0

 Frontier governorates

24.7

28.9

0.550

51.6

0.002

26.9

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

Newborn characteristics

Birth weight

 Normal (2,500–3,999)

35.1

41.4

<0.001

65.2

<0.001

30.1

 High risk (<2,500, ≥4,000)

41.6

51.1

0.001

67.1

<0.001

25.5

P-value b

0.002

<0.001

 

0.182

  

Not weighted/Missing

3272

2648

 

3317

  

Birth multiplicity

 Singleton birth

32.0

40.1

<0.001

61.5

<0.001

29.5

 Multiple birth

48.0

50.0

0.709

75.2

<0.001

27.2

P-value b

<0.001

0.016

 

<0.001

  

Mode of delivery in relation to the previous birthd

 Primigravidas mother

32.9

40.8

<0.001

61.4

<0.001

28.5

 Vaginal after caesarean

 

 Repeated caesarean

 

 Repeated vaginal

 

 C-section after vaginal

 

Institutional

Antenatal care visits

 No visits

18.8

30.1

<0.001

42.4

<0.001

23.6

 1–3

26.7

34.1

0.019

48.6

<0.001

21.9

  ≥ 4

36.4

43.3

<0.001

64.4

<0.001

28.0

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

Don’t know/missing

40

41

 

36

  

Place of delivery

 Public sector

29.4

35.4

<0.001

48.5

<0.001

19.1

 Private sector

34.4

43.2

<0.001

67.0

<0.001

32.6

P-value b

<0.001

<0.001

 

<0.001

  
  1. a P-value, assessed over time differences in proportion of institutional-based caesarean delivery between EDHS-2005 and EDHS-2008, and between EDHS-2008 and EDHS-2014
  2. b P-value, assessed differences in proportion of institutional-based caesarean delivery between each measured sub-categories in each survey
  3. c female genital mutilation
  4. d previous birth occurred within the past five years