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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of all mothers (N = 29,107) and mothers with the last institutional-based (N = 22,194) birth occurred within five years prior to each survey, by survey round

From: Trend of caesarean deliveries in Egypt and its associated factors: evidence from national surveys, 2005–2014

 

EDHS-2005

EDHS-2008

EDHS-2014

All births N = 9823

Institutional births N = 6517

All births N = 7893

Institutional births N = 5713

All births N = 11,391

Institutional births N = 9964

 

%

%

%

%

%

%

Socio-demographic

Age at last birth, years

  ≥ 35

11.7

11.4

11.1

11.2

10.5

10.2

 30–34

18.2

18.3

16.6

16.4

19.1

18.8

 25–29

29.2

30.3

30.6

31.2

32.9

33.2

 19–24

36.0

35.1

36.8

36.3

33.8

34.1

  ≤ 18

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

3.7

3.7

Socioeconomic status

 Low

28.4

18.7

24.6

16.6

16.7

13.8

 Medium

26.2

24.5

25.1

23.5

29.6

28.4

 High

45.4

56.8

50.1

60.0

53.7

57.9

Lifetime parity

 Multipara with ≥4 children

27.5

21.7

23.7

19.2

23.1

20.7

 Multipara with 2–3 children

48.7

50.1

49.7

50.2

54.2

55.0

 Primigravida

23.8

28.2

26.6

30.6

22.7

24.3

FGMa

 No

3.9

4.9

4.7

5.7

8.6

9.2

 Yes

96.0

95.1

95.3

94.3

91.4

90.7

Missing

0.01

     

BMI

 Normal 18.5–24.9 (low risk)

25.7

22.3

28.7

25.5

19.8

19.3

 Underweight <18.5 (high risk)

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.3

 Overweight ≥25 (high risk)

72.7

76.2

70.1

73.4

79.0

79.6

Missing

1.0

1.1

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.8

Spatial

Residence

 Urban

38.1

48.0

38.1

45.3

31.8

34.3

 Rural

61.9

52.0

61.9

54.7

68.2

65.7

Region

 Urban governorates

14.8

19.7

16.4

20.4

10.8

11.8

 Urban-Lower Egypt

10.0

13.1

10.1

12.0

9.4

10.4

 Rural-Lower Egypt

31.1

32.2

34.3

35.4

39.0

40.2

 Urban-Upper Egypt

12.6

14.4

10.8

11.9

11.1

11.5

 Rural-Upper Egypt

30.1

19.4

27.3

18.8

28.8

25.2

 Frontier governorates

1.2

1.1

1.4

1.5

0.9

0.9

Newborn characteristics

Birth weight

 Normal (2,500–3,999 g)

30.5

39.0

35.1

43.5

49.4

52.6

 High risk (<2,500, ≥4,000 g)

8.7

10.8

8.1

10.1

13.5

14.1

Not weighted/Missing

60.8

50.2

56.8

46.3

37.1

33.3

Birth multiplicity

 Singleton birth

97.6

97.0

97.9

97.4

97.8

97.6

 Multiple birth

2.4

3.0

2.1

2.6

2.2

2.4

Delivery mode

 Vaginal

78.5

67.6

70.8

59.7

45.9

38.2

 C-section

21.5

32.4

29.2

40.3

54.1

61.8

Delivery mode in relation to the previousb

 Primigravida

66.0

69.0

69.0

70.5

66.2

66.8

 Vaginal after caesarean

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

 Repeated caesarean

5.2

7.8

6.9

9.5

15.6

17.8

 Repeated vaginal

27.0

20.9

22.2

17.5

15.2

12.1

 Caesarean after vaginal

1.3

1.9

1.5

2.1

2.6

3.0

Institutional

Antenatal care visits

 No visits

28.5

18.3

25.8

17.1

9.7

7.3

 1–3

10.1

8.3

6.9

6.0

7.1

6.1

  ≥ 4

60.7

72.8

66.5

76.2

82.8

86.2

 Don’t know/missing

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.4

Place of delivery

 Home

33.6

0.0

27.6

0.0

12.5

0.0

 Public sector

26.9

40.6

27.2

37.6

25.2

28.8

 Private sector

39.5

59.4

45.2

62.4

62.3

71.2

Missing

 

4

 

3

  
  1. Weighted numbers and percentages
  2. BMI: body mass index
  3. a female genital mutilation, b previous birth occurred within past five years