EDHS-2005 | EDHS-2008 | EDHS-2014 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All births N = 9823 | Institutional births N = 6517 | All births N = 7893 | Institutional births N = 5713 | All births N = 11,391 | Institutional births N = 9964 | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | |
Socio-demographic | ||||||
Age at last birth, years | ||||||
≥ 35 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 10.2 |
30–34 | 18.2 | 18.3 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 19.1 | 18.8 |
25–29 | 29.2 | 30.3 | 30.6 | 31.2 | 32.9 | 33.2 |
19–24 | 36.0 | 35.1 | 36.8 | 36.3 | 33.8 | 34.1 |
≤ 18 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||
Low | 28.4 | 18.7 | 24.6 | 16.6 | 16.7 | 13.8 |
Medium | 26.2 | 24.5 | 25.1 | 23.5 | 29.6 | 28.4 |
High | 45.4 | 56.8 | 50.1 | 60.0 | 53.7 | 57.9 |
Lifetime parity | ||||||
Multipara with ≥4 children | 27.5 | 21.7 | 23.7 | 19.2 | 23.1 | 20.7 |
Multipara with 2–3 children | 48.7 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 50.2 | 54.2 | 55.0 |
Primigravida | 23.8 | 28.2 | 26.6 | 30.6 | 22.7 | 24.3 |
FGMa | ||||||
No | 3.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 9.2 |
Yes | 96.0 | 95.1 | 95.3 | 94.3 | 91.4 | 90.7 |
Missing | 0.01 | |||||
BMI | ||||||
Normal 18.5–24.9 (low risk) | 25.7 | 22.3 | 28.7 | 25.5 | 19.8 | 19.3 |
Underweight <18.5 (high risk) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Overweight ≥25 (high risk) | 72.7 | 76.2 | 70.1 | 73.4 | 79.0 | 79.6 |
Missing | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Spatial | ||||||
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 38.1 | 48.0 | 38.1 | 45.3 | 31.8 | 34.3 |
Rural | 61.9 | 52.0 | 61.9 | 54.7 | 68.2 | 65.7 |
Region | ||||||
Urban governorates | 14.8 | 19.7 | 16.4 | 20.4 | 10.8 | 11.8 |
Urban-Lower Egypt | 10.0 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 10.4 |
Rural-Lower Egypt | 31.1 | 32.2 | 34.3 | 35.4 | 39.0 | 40.2 |
Urban-Upper Egypt | 12.6 | 14.4 | 10.8 | 11.9 | 11.1 | 11.5 |
Rural-Upper Egypt | 30.1 | 19.4 | 27.3 | 18.8 | 28.8 | 25.2 |
Frontier governorates | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Newborn characteristics | ||||||
Birth weight | ||||||
Normal (2,500–3,999 g) | 30.5 | 39.0 | 35.1 | 43.5 | 49.4 | 52.6 |
High risk (<2,500, ≥4,000 g) | 8.7 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 10.1 | 13.5 | 14.1 |
Not weighted/Missing | 60.8 | 50.2 | 56.8 | 46.3 | 37.1 | 33.3 |
Birth multiplicity | ||||||
Singleton birth | 97.6 | 97.0 | 97.9 | 97.4 | 97.8 | 97.6 |
Multiple birth | 2.4 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
Delivery mode | ||||||
Vaginal | 78.5 | 67.6 | 70.8 | 59.7 | 45.9 | 38.2 |
C-section | 21.5 | 32.4 | 29.2 | 40.3 | 54.1 | 61.8 |
Delivery mode in relation to the previousb | ||||||
Primigravida | 66.0 | 69.0 | 69.0 | 70.5 | 66.2 | 66.8 |
Vaginal after caesarean | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
Repeated caesarean | 5.2 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 9.5 | 15.6 | 17.8 |
Repeated vaginal | 27.0 | 20.9 | 22.2 | 17.5 | 15.2 | 12.1 |
Caesarean after vaginal | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.0 |
Institutional | ||||||
Antenatal care visits | ||||||
No visits | 28.5 | 18.3 | 25.8 | 17.1 | 9.7 | 7.3 |
1–3 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 6.1 |
≥ 4 | 60.7 | 72.8 | 66.5 | 76.2 | 82.8 | 86.2 |
Don’t know/missing | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Place of delivery | ||||||
Home | 33.6 | 0.0 | 27.6 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 0.0 |
Public sector | 26.9 | 40.6 | 27.2 | 37.6 | 25.2 | 28.8 |
Private sector | 39.5 | 59.4 | 45.2 | 62.4 | 62.3 | 71.2 |
Missing | 4 | 3 |