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Table 2 Comparison of the study participants demographic data, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes according to parity

From: Grand multiparity and the possible risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes: a dilemma to be deciphered

 

Primipara

N = 1889

Multipara

N = 1097

Grand Multipara

N = 341

P value

Age (years; mean ± SD)

26.3 ± 4.4

31.6 ± 4.8

38.2 ± 3.7

<0.01

Age groups:

  < 25 years

728(38.5)

85(7.7)

6(1.8)

<0.01

 25–35 years

1091(57.8)

780(71.1)

73(21.4)

  > 35 years

70(3.7)

232(21.1)

262(76.8)

Nationality

 Saudi

1734(91.8)

979(89.2)

327(95.9)

<0.01

 Non Saudi

155(8.2)

118(10.8)

14(4.1)

Education

 School

1467(77.7)

886(80.8)

294(86.2)

<0.01

 University or higher

422(22.3)

211(19.2)

47(13.8)

Working Status

 Housewife

1329(84.0)

773(85.5)

252(90.3)

0.01

 Employee

240(15.2)

130(14.4)

27(9.7)

 Student

13(0.8)

1(0.1)

0(0.0)

Smoking

45(2.8)

29(3.1)

10(3.5)

0.73

BMI at delivery (Kg/m2; mean ± SD)

30.4 ± 5.6

32.4 ± 6.1

34.6 ± 6.3

<0.01

Gestational age at delivery (years; mean ± SD)

38.7 ± 2.3

38.6 ± 2.0

38.4 ± 2.3

0.12

History of multiple pregnancy

59(3.1)

46(4.2)

10(2.9)

0.3

History of miscarriage

296(15.8)

406(37.3)

197(58.3)

<0.01

Pregnancy outcomes

 Gestational diabetes

174(9.3)

156(14.4)

85(25.2)

<0.01

 Pre-existing hypertension

12(0.6)

14(1.3)

8(2.4)

0.02

 Gestational hypertension

31(1.6)

16(1.5)

14(4.1)

0.01

 Preeclampsia

25(1.3)

5(0.5)

3(0.9)

0.07

 Intrauterine growth restriction

50(2.6)

16(1.5)

3(0.9)

0.02

 Spontaneous preterm delivery

173(9.4)

81(7.6)

39(11.8)

0.05

 Induction of labour

372(19.8)

130(11.9)

54(15.8)

<0.01

Mode of delivery

 Spontaneous delivery

1356(72.7)

838(76.8)

251(74.9)

<0.01

 Instrumental delivery

173(9.3)

17(1.6)

4(1.2)

 Cesarean section

335(18.0)

236(21.6)

80(23.9)

Maternal admission to ICU

8(0.4)

4(0.4)

5(1.5)

0.03

Neonatal outcomes

 Baby gender (male)

921(49.0)

562(51.4)

166(49.3)

0.46

 Birth weight (mean ± SD)

3.0 ± 0.5

3.2 ± 0.5

3.1 ± 0.5

<0.01

 Baby’s length (mean ± SD)

49.4 ± 2.6

49.6 ± 3.1

49.3 ± 2.9

0.10

 Low birth weight

236(12.7)

92(8.5)

30(9.0)

<0.01

 APGAR at 5 min <7

28(1.6)

15(1.4)

8(2.4)

0.42

 Neonatal admission to ICU

84(4.5)

32(2.9)

19(5.6)

0.04

 Congenital Anomalies

23(1.2)

16(1.5)

7(2.1)

0.45

  1. Data are expressed as number (percentage) unless specified