Primipara N = 1889 | Multipara N = 1097 | Grand Multipara N = 341 | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years; mean ± SD) | 26.3 ± 4.4 | 31.6 ± 4.8 | 38.2 ± 3.7 | <0.01 |
Age groups: | ||||
< 25 years | 728(38.5) | 85(7.7) | 6(1.8) | <0.01 |
25–35 years | 1091(57.8) | 780(71.1) | 73(21.4) | |
> 35 years | 70(3.7) | 232(21.1) | 262(76.8) | |
Nationality | ||||
Saudi | 1734(91.8) | 979(89.2) | 327(95.9) | <0.01 |
Non Saudi | 155(8.2) | 118(10.8) | 14(4.1) | |
Education | ||||
School | 1467(77.7) | 886(80.8) | 294(86.2) | <0.01 |
University or higher | 422(22.3) | 211(19.2) | 47(13.8) | |
Working Status | ||||
Housewife | 1329(84.0) | 773(85.5) | 252(90.3) | 0.01 |
Employee | 240(15.2) | 130(14.4) | 27(9.7) | |
Student | 13(0.8) | 1(0.1) | 0(0.0) | |
Smoking | 45(2.8) | 29(3.1) | 10(3.5) | 0.73 |
BMI at delivery (Kg/m2; mean ± SD) | 30.4 ± 5.6 | 32.4 ± 6.1 | 34.6 ± 6.3 | <0.01 |
Gestational age at delivery (years; mean ± SD) | 38.7 ± 2.3 | 38.6 ± 2.0 | 38.4 ± 2.3 | 0.12 |
History of multiple pregnancy | 59(3.1) | 46(4.2) | 10(2.9) | 0.3 |
History of miscarriage | 296(15.8) | 406(37.3) | 197(58.3) | <0.01 |
Pregnancy outcomes | ||||
Gestational diabetes | 174(9.3) | 156(14.4) | 85(25.2) | <0.01 |
Pre-existing hypertension | 12(0.6) | 14(1.3) | 8(2.4) | 0.02 |
Gestational hypertension | 31(1.6) | 16(1.5) | 14(4.1) | 0.01 |
Preeclampsia | 25(1.3) | 5(0.5) | 3(0.9) | 0.07 |
Intrauterine growth restriction | 50(2.6) | 16(1.5) | 3(0.9) | 0.02 |
Spontaneous preterm delivery | 173(9.4) | 81(7.6) | 39(11.8) | 0.05 |
Induction of labour | 372(19.8) | 130(11.9) | 54(15.8) | <0.01 |
Mode of delivery | ||||
Spontaneous delivery | 1356(72.7) | 838(76.8) | 251(74.9) | <0.01 |
Instrumental delivery | 173(9.3) | 17(1.6) | 4(1.2) | |
Cesarean section | 335(18.0) | 236(21.6) | 80(23.9) | |
Maternal admission to ICU | 8(0.4) | 4(0.4) | 5(1.5) | 0.03 |
Neonatal outcomes | ||||
Baby gender (male) | 921(49.0) | 562(51.4) | 166(49.3) | 0.46 |
Birth weight (mean ± SD) | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | <0.01 |
Baby’s length (mean ± SD) | 49.4 ± 2.6 | 49.6 ± 3.1 | 49.3 ± 2.9 | 0.10 |
Low birth weight | 236(12.7) | 92(8.5) | 30(9.0) | <0.01 |
APGAR at 5 min <7 | 28(1.6) | 15(1.4) | 8(2.4) | 0.42 |
Neonatal admission to ICU | 84(4.5) | 32(2.9) | 19(5.6) | 0.04 |
Congenital Anomalies | 23(1.2) | 16(1.5) | 7(2.1) | 0.45 |