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Table 1 Qualitative gut microbiota composition of IAP-treated and untreated infants

From: Adverse events in women and children who have received intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis treatment: a systematic review

Organism

Study

Number of infants (n) in each group

Relative abundance in microbiota composition (%) or number of infants (n) colonised

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 6/ 7

Day 10

Day 30

Phyla

All

Arboleya 2016 [33]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

No differences

     

Actinobacteria

Aloisio 2016 [31]a

IAP n = 10

Control n = 10

   

IAP: 0.4%

Control: 3.8%

p < 0.05

  

Arboleya 2016 [33]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

   

IAP: 0%

Control: 17%

p < 0.001

  

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 1%

Control: 8%

RR 0.13 (CI 0.02-0.98)

 

IAP: 7%

Bacteriodetes

Aloisio 2016 [31]a

IAP n = 10

Control n = 10

   

IAP: 16%

Control: 47.7%

p < 0.05

  

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 21%

Control: 36%

RR 0.59 (CI 0.3 –0.93)

 

IAP: 34%

Control: 26%

RR 1.31 (CI 0.85-2.01)

Proteobacteria

Aloisio 2016 [31]a

IAP n = 10

Control n = 10

   

IAP: 54.7%

Control: 15.5%

p < 0.05

  

Arboleya 2016 [33]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Higher % in IAP, p < 0.001

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

   

Higher % in IAP,

p < 0.062

  

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 37%

Control: 17%

RR 2.18 (CI 1.32-3.60)

 

IAP: 28%

Firmicutes

Arboleya 2016 [33]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.01

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 41%

Control: 29%

RR 1.14 (CI 0.96-2.08)

 

IAP: 30%

Family

Bifidobacteriaceae

Aloisio 2016 [31]a

IAP n = 10

Control n = 10

   

IAP: 0.02%

Control: 6.47%

p < 0.05

  

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Comamonadaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Enterobacteriaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Higher % in IAP, p < 0.05

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

   

Higher % in IAP,

p = 0.044

 

IAP: 44%

Control: 16%

RR 2.75 (CI 1.67-4.54)

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 35%

Control: 17%

RR 2.06 (CI 1.24-3.42)

 

IAP: 28%

Jaureguy 2004 [39]a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

  

IAP n = 13

Control n = 16

p = 0.58

IAP: 0%

  

Lachnospiraceae

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

IAP: 4%

Leuconostaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

 

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

    

Micrococcaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

    

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

 

Propionibacteriaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

    

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

 

Staphylococcaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Streptococcaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Veillonellaceae

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

     

Lower % in IAP, p = 0.035

Unclassified Actinobacteria

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Unclassified Bacilli

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Unclassified

Lactobacillales

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

     

Lower % in IAP, p < 0.05

Genera

Bacteroides

Jaureguy 2004 [39]a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

  

IAP n = 13

Control n = 7

p = 0.15

   

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

   

IAP: 7%

Control: 20%

p = 0.078

  

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 13%

Control: 32%

RR 0.41 (CI 0.23-0.73)

  

Bifidobacteria

Jaureguy 2004 [39]a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

  

IAP n = 6

Control n = 12

p = 0.18

   

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

   

IAP: 0%

Control: 16%

p = 0.001

 

IAP: 6% (compared to day 7, p = 0.025)

Control: 6%

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 1% or 0%

Control: 5%

 

IAP: 6% (compared to day 7, p = 0.013)

Control: 19%

RR: 0.32 (CI 0.13-0.76)

Clostridia

Jaureguy 2004 [39]a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

  

IAP n = 3

Control n = 10

p = 0.04

   

Enterococci

Jaureguy 2004 [39]a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

  

IAP n = 15

Control n = 17

p = 0.73

   

Escherichia

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

   

IAP: 52%

Control: 14%

RR 3.71 (CI 2.21-6.25)

  

Staphylococci

Jaureguy 2004 [39]a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

  

IAP n = 21

Control n = 22

p = 1.00

   

Streptococci

Mazzola 2016 [57]a

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

   

IAP: 32%

Control: 10%

RR 3.2 (CI 1.66-6.15)

 

IAP: 8% (compared to day 7, p = 0.042)

Other microbial genus

Aloisio 2016 [31]a

IAP n = 10

Control n = 10

   

No significant differences

  
  1. CI confidence interval, IAP intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, p probability value, RR risk ratio
  2. Numbers in italics calculated by reviewers
  3. aGroup B Streptococcus prophylaxis
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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