variables | category | Perinatal outcome | Crude odd ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | control | ||||
Educational status | Not educated | 48(12.8%) | 55(7.5%) | 1 | 1 |
primary | 85(22.6%) | 128(17.4%) | 0.76(0.47–1.22) | 0.82(0.37–1.81) | |
Secondary &above | 202(53.7%) | 455(61.7%) | 0.51(0.33–0.76)* | 0.54(0.27–1.11) | |
unknown | 41(10.9%) | 99(13.4%) | 0.48(0.28–0.81)* | 0.39(0.16–0.98) | |
Birth interval | ≥2 Years | 69(18.4%) | 256(34.7%) | 1 | 1 |
<2 Years | 41(10.9%) | 29(3.9%) | 5.25(3.04–9.05)* | 4.55(1.79–11.54)* | |
unknown | 60(16.0%) | 61(8.3%) | 3.65(2.34–5.69)* | 2.62(1.14–6.01)* | |
ANC follow up | Yes | 354(94.1%) | 724(98.2%) | 1 | 1 |
No | 22(5.9%) | 13(1.8%) | 3.46(1.72–6.95)* | 6.15(0.31–122.04) | |
TT vaccination | Yes | 348(92.6%) | 714(96.9%) | 1 | 1 |
No | 18(4.8%) | 12(1.6%) | 3.08(1.47–6.46)* | 0.19(0.01–4.70) | |
Gestational age | Term | 188(50.0%) | 572(77.6%) | 1 | 1 |
Preterm | 139(37.0%) | 59(8.0%) | 7.168(5.07–10.13)* | 2.02(1.08–3.77)* | |
Post term | 23(6.1%) | 83(11.3%) | 0.84(0.52–1.38) | 1.16(0.57–2.35) | |
unknown | 26(6.9%) | 23(3.1%) | 3.44(1.92–6.17)* | 2.63(0.95–7.26) | |
Mode of delivery | SVD | 247(65.7%) | 404(54.8%) | 1 | 1 |
Instrumental | 11(2.9%) | 55(7.5%) | 0.33(0.17–0.64)* | 0.21(0.05–0.86)* | |
Cesarean Section | 73(19.4%) | 272(36.9%) | 0.44(0.32–0.59)* | 0.48(0.27–0.86)* | |
Breach delivery | 27(7.2%) | 6(0.8%) | 7.36(2.99–18.08)* | 1.94(0.47–8.03) | |
Hysterectomy | 18(4.8%) | 0(0.0%) | - | - | |
history of ENND | No | 365(97.1%) | 732(99.3%) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 11(2.9%) | 5(0.7%) | 4.41(1.52–12.79)* | 6.36(1.51–26.76)* | |
Level of hemoglobin | ≥11 g/dl | 225(84.6%) | 515(92.0%) | 1 | 1 |
< 11 g/dl | 41(15.4%) | 45(8.0%) | 2.09(1.33–3.28)* | 2.6(1.38–4.91)* | |
Obstetric complications | No | 134(35.6%) | 414(56.2%) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 242(64.4%) | 323(43.8%) | 2.32(1.79–2.99)* | 1.38(0.84–2.27) | |
Fetal presentation | vertex | 333(88.6%) | 680(92.3%) | 1 | 1 |
Mal presentation | 43(11.4%) | 57(7.7%) | 1.54(1.02–2.34)* | 1.52(0.65–3.59) | |
Weight of the newborn | 2500-3999 g | 161(42.8%) | 655(89.9%) | 1 | 1 |
<2500 g | 204(54.3%) | 45(6.1%) | 18.44(12.79–26.59)* | 16.45(9.57–28.26)* | |
≥4000 g | 11(2.9%) | 37(5.0%) | 1.210(.604–2.423) | 2.24 (0.89–5.67) | |
Congenital anomaly | No | 316(84.0%) | 734(99.6%) | 11 | 1 |
Yes | 60(16.0%) | 3(0.4%) | 46.46(14.46–149.23)* | 34.04(7.14–162.41)* | |
Partograph use | No | 79(21.0%) | 66(9.0%) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 252(67.0%) | 564(76.5%) | 0.37(0.26–0.54)* | 0.35(0.18–0.66)* | |
Not Indicated | 45(12.0%) | 107(14.5%) | 0.35(0.22–0.57)* | 0.37(0.14–0.98)* |