Table 1 Frequency of neonatal outcomes according to selected maternal traits. Italy, Lombardy Region, 2005–2010
All women | Preterm birth | Low birth weight | Small for Gestational Age | Low Apgar score | Congenital Anomalies | Cerebral distress | Respiratory distress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 383,103) | (N = 20,294) | (N = 19,588) | (N = 29,800) | (N = 3180) | (N = 18,997) | (N = 996) | (N = 15,539) | |
Maternal trait | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % |
Educationa | ||||||||
Low | 121,910 | 5.8% | 5.6% | 8.1% | 0.9% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 5.4% |
Intermediate | 173,926 | 5.2% | 5.1% | 7.7% | 0.8% | 4.8% | 0.3% | 5.0% |
High | 87,267 | 4.7% | 4.6% | 7.3% | 0.7% | 5.2% | 0.2% | 4.7% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0466 | 0.0044 | 0.0444 | <.0001 | |
Maternal birthplace | ||||||||
Italian-born | 288,093 | 5.2% | 4.9% | 8.1% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.2% | 4.9% |
Foreign-born | 95,010 | 5.6% | 5.2% | 6.8% | 0.9% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 5.6% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | 0.0009 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.1617 | 0.0200 | <.0001 | |
Age at delivery | ||||||||
≤ 25 years | 49,803 | 4.9% | 4.9% | 8.4% | 0.9% | 4.8% | 0.2% | 5.2% |
26–35 years | 244,037 | 5.0% | 4.9% | 7.8% | 0.8% | 4.8% | 0.3% | 4.9% |
≥ 35 years | 89,263 | 6.2% | 5.8% | 7.5% | 0.9% | 5.5% | 0.2% | 5.4% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.1739 | 0.0009 | <.0001 | 0.3189 | <.0001 | |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married | 294,606 | 5.2% | 4.9% | 7.4% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 4.9% |
Unmarried | 88,497 | 5.8% | 5.9% | 9.1% | 0.9% | 5.1% | 0.3% | 5.6% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0245 | 0.7656 | <.0001 | |
Employment | ||||||||
Employed | 270,088 | 5.2% | 5.1% | 7.9% | 0.8% | 5.0% | 0.2% | 5.0% |
Unemployed | 113,015 | 5.4% | 5.1% | 7.5% | 0.9% | 4.8% | 0.3% | 5.2% |
p-valueb | 0.0170 | 0.3370 | 0.0003 | 0.1516 | 0.0691 | 0.0454 | 0.0068 | |
Parity | ||||||||
Nulliparous | 211,090 | 5.7% | 6.0% | 9.7% | 0.9% | 5.4% | 0.3% | 5.9% |
Multiparous | 172,013 | 4.8% | 3.9% | 5.5% | 0.7% | 4.5% | 0.2% | 4.0% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |
Previous spontaneous abortions | ||||||||
No | 320,274 | 5.1% | 5.0% | 7.9% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 5.1% |
Yes | 62,829 | 6.1% | 5.6% | 7.0% | 0.9% | 5.2% | 0.3% | 4.9% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0689 | 0.0008 | 0.5183 | 0.0223 | |
Diabetes | ||||||||
No | 371,227 | 5.2% | 5.1% | 7.8% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 5.0% |
Yes | 11,915 | 9.3% | 5.8% | 6.1% | 1.4% | 6.5% | 0.4% | 6.8% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | 0.0007 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0019 | <.0001 | |
Hypertension | ||||||||
No | 370,077 | 5.0% | 4.8% | 7.6% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 5.0% |
Yes | 13,026 | 12.9% | 14.6% | 12.8% | 1.4% | 5.9% | 0.3% | 6.9% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.7711 | <.0001 | |
Dyslipidaemia | ||||||||
No | 382,202 | 5.3% | 5.1% | 7.8% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 5.1% |
Yes | 901 | 9.7% | 6.9% | 6.7% | 0.9% | 5.5% | 0.5% | 6.7% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | 0.0158 | 0.2091 | 0.8481 | 0.4135 | 0.0817 | 0.0332 | |
Preeclampsia | ||||||||
No | 373,909 | 4.8% | 4.6% | 7.5% | 0.8% | 4.9% | 0.3% | 4.9% |
Yes | 9194 | 26.0% | 27.5% | 17.7% | 2.2% | 7.9% | 0.4% | 11.5% |
p-valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0158 | <.0001 | |