From: The role of vitamin D in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review
Author, Location, Year | Key Findings | Results |
---|---|---|
August et al., USA, 1992 [88] | ↓ 1,25OH2D in women with PE vs chronic HTN and normal women | 1,25 OH2D levels: PE: 37.8 +/− 15 pg/ml chronic HTN: 75 +/− 15 pg/ml (p < 0.05); normal women: 65 +/− 10 pg/ml (p < 0.05) |
Fernandez- Alonzo et al., Spain, 2012 [97] | ↔ PE and 25(OH)D levels | 25(OH)D: <49.9 nmol/L: 28.6% (2/7 women); 49.9–74.9 nmol/L: 42.9% (3/7 women); ≥ 74.9 nmol/L: 28.6% (2/7 women) (p = 0.91) |
Pena HR, et al. Brazil 2015 [83] | ↑ frequency of 25(OH)D deficiency <20 ng/mL in PE compared to healthy non obese controls | PE: 52.1% (25 women) Non obese controls: 14.9% (7 women) (P = 0.0006) |
Abedi et al., Iran, 2014 [84] | ↑ vitamin D deficiency (<25.0 nmol/L) in PE cases | OR = 24.04 95% CI: 2.14–285.4 |
Achkar et al., Canada, 2015 [81] | ↑ PE in women with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L vs women with at least 50 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 2.23 95% CI: 1.29–3.83 |
Anderson et al., USA, 2015 [111] | ↔ proportion of women with inadequate <30 ng/mL 25(OH)D levels in HTN group vs control group | 73% (HTN/PE group) vs 69% (control group) (p = 0.22) |
Baker et al., 2010 [80] | ↑ Severe PE in women with 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L compared to levels of at least 75 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 5.41 95% CI: 2.02–14.52 (P = 0.001) |
Bodnar et al., USA, 2007 [18] | ↑ PE in women with 25(OH)D < 37.5 nmol/L compared to levels of >37.5 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 5.0 95% CI: 1.7–14.1 |
Bodnar et al., USA, 2014 [79] | ↓ Severe PE in women with 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L compared to levels <50 nmol/L | Adjusted RR: 0.65 95% CI: 0.43–0.98 |
Gidlof S, et al. Sweden, 2015 [112] | ↔ 25(OH)D levels in PE and healthy controls; ↔ 25(OH)D deficiency < 50 nmol/L in PE and controls | 25(OH)D: PE: 52.2 ± 20.5 nmol/L; Controls: 48.6 ± 20.5 nmol/ L (p = 0.3); 25(OH)D deficiency: PE: 38%, Controls: 51.7% (p = 0.1) |
Halhali, Mexico, 2004 [95] | ↔ 1,25(OH)2D in women before they developed PE | 1,25(OH)2D: median (interquartile range) PE: 31 pg/mL (26–34) NT: 29 pg/mL (24–36) (p = 0.44) |
Halhali et al., Mexico, 2007 [113] | ↓ 1,25(OH)2D levels in women with PE vs controls | 25(OH)D: PE: 486.7 ± 167.2 nmol/L Controls: 731.1 ± 262.1 nmol/L (p < 0.05) |
Lechtermann C, et al. Germany, 2–14 [85] | ↓ 25(OH)D levels in PE in summer compared to controls, 1,25(OH)2D ↓ only in winter | 25(OH)D: PE:18.2 ± 17.1; Control: 49.2 ± 29.2 ng/mL, (P < 0.001); 1,25(OH)2D: 291 ± 217 vs 612.3 ± 455 pmol/mL (P < 0.05) |
Mohaghegh et al., Iran, 2015 [89] | ↓ mean 25(OH)D in PE compared to pregnant controls without PE | 25(OH)D: PE: 37.9 ± 33.9 nmol/L Controls: 58.2 ± 38.2 nmol/L (p = 0.001) |
Powe, USA, 2010 [86] | ↔ women with PE and controls with 25(OH)D < 15.0 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 1.35 95% CI: 0.40 to 4.50 |
Robinson et al., USA, 2010 [25] | ↑ EOSPE in women with maternal 25(OH)D levels <=19.6 nmol/L compared to levels >19.6 nmol/L | OR: 3.60 95% CI: 1.71–7.58 (p < 0.001) |
Schneuer et al., Australia, 2014 [114] | ↔ PE or EOSPE and low 25(OH)D (< 25 nmol/L) | Adjusted OR- all PE: 0.46 95% CI: 0.19–1.10 Adjusted OR- EOSPE: 1.40 95% CI: 0.20 to 9.89 |
Singla et al., India, 2015 [87] | ↓ mean serum vitamin D in women with PE vs controls | PE: 24.2 ± 12.4 nmol/L Controls: 36.9 ± 16.7 nmol/L; (p = 0.0001) |
Ullah et al., Bangladesh, 2013 [82] | ↑ PE per 25 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D level | Adjusted OR: 1.66 95% CI: 1.05–3.02 |
Wetta et al., UK, 2013 [96] | ↔ between PE and 25-OH D < 30 ng/mL and <37.4 nmol/L | <30 ng/mL Adjusted OR: 1.1 95% CI: 0.6–2.0 Adjusted OR: 1.4 (<37.4 nmol/L) 95% CI: 0.7–3.0 |
Woodham et al., USA, 2011 [15] | ↓ Severe PE in women with 10 nmol/L increase in maternal 25(OH)D level | Adjusted OR: 0.62 95% CI: 0.51–0.76 |
Xu et al., USA, 2014 [53] | ↑ PE in women with vitamin D deficiency (<37.5 nmol/L) | OR: 4.4 95% CI: 1.8–10.8 |
Yu et al., UK, 2012 [115] | ↔ serum vitamin D raw values in PE and controls | 25(OH)D levels: Controls: 46.8 nmol/L (27.8–70.0;) Early PE: 32.2 nmol/L (22.7–50.4); Late PE: 39.2 nmol/L (22.1–63.0) (P = 0.231) |
Alvarez-Fernandez et al., Spain, 2014 [90] | ↑ PE in women with 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L compared to levels >50 nmol/L after 20 weeks of gestation | OR: 4.6 95% CI:1.4–15 (P = 0.010) |
Scholl et al., USA, 2013 [78] | ↑ PE in women with 25(OH)D < 49.9 nmol/L and hyperparathyroidism | Adjusted OR: 2.86 95% CI: 1.28–6.41 |
Burris et al., USA, 2014 [94] | ↔ PE and 25(OH)D levels compared at each 25 nmol/L increase in 25 (OH)D | Adjusted OR: 1.14 95% CI: 0.77–1.67 |
Haugen et al., Norway, 2000 [77] | ↓ PE in women taking 10–15 mcg/d as compared with no supplements | Adjusted OR: 0.73 95% CI: 0.58–0.92 |
Shand et al., Canada, 2010 [37] | ↔ PE and 25(OH)D levels <37.5 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 0.91 95% CI: 0.31–2.62 |
Wei et al., Canda 2012 [60] | ↔ PE and 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 1.24 95% CI: 0.58–2.67 (p = 0.58) |
Wei, Canada, 2013 [14] | ↑ PE and women with ↓ PIGF levels and maternal 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L | Adjusted OR: 2.97 95% CI: 1.23–7.20 |
Zhou, China, 2014 [116] | ↔ PE and 25(OH)D levels | 25(OH)D levels Group A (n = 13): 41.4 ± 6.5 nmol/L; Group B (n = 36): 62.1 ± 7.0 nmol/L; group C (n = 25): 89.6 ± 13.0 nmol/L; (p = 0.900) |