From: The role of vitamin D in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review
Author, Location, Year | Design | Subjects | Time of vitamin D measurement |
---|---|---|---|
Cross-Sectional Studies | |||
 August et al., USA, 1992 [88] | Cross-sectional | 11 – women with PE | 3rd trimester |
9 – chronic HTN | |||
12 – normotensive pregnant controls | |||
 Fernandez- Alonzo et al., Spain, 2012 [97] | Cross-sectional | 466 – pregnant women (7 had PE) | 1st trimester |
 Pena HR, et al. Brazil 2015 [83] | Cross-sectional | 179 -- pregnant women recruited before delivery | Near delivery |
Case Control Studies | |||
 Abedi et al., Iran, 2014 [84] | Case Control | 59 – women with PE | At delivery |
59 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Achkar et al., Canada, 2015 [81] | Case Control | 169 – women with PE | <20 weeks gestation |
1975 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Anderson et al., USA, 2015 [111] | Case control | 11 -- gestational HTN (10/11 with PE) | At delivery |
37 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Baker et al., 2010 [80] | Nested Case Control | 51 – developed PE | 2nd trimester |
204 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Bodnar et al., USA, 2007 [18] | Nested Case Control | 55 – developed PE | <22 weeks |
219 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Bodnar et al., USA, 2014 [79] | Case Control | 717 – developed PE | <26 weeks gestation |
560 mild; 157 severe | |||
2986 – healthy pregnantcontrols | |||
 Gidlof S, et al. Sweden, 2015 [112] | Nested Case Control | 39 – developed preeclampsia | 12th week of gestation |
120 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Halhali, Mexico, 2004 [95] | Case Control | 10 -- developed PE, 40 – healthy pregnant controls | Median 20.7 weeks gestation |
 Halhali et al., Mexico, 2007 [113] | Case Control | 26 -- women with PE 26 – healthy pregnant controls | 3rd trimester |
 Lechtermann C, et al. Germany, 2–14 [85] | Case Control | 20 – women with PE | At delivery |
43 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Mohaghegh et al., Iran, 2015 [89] | Case Control | 41 -- women with PE 50 – healthy pregnant controls | Time of labor |
 Powe, USA, 2010 [86] | Nested Case Control | 39 -- developed PE 131 – healthy pregnant controls | 1st trimester |
 Robinson et al., USA, 2010 [25] | Case Control | 50 -- women with EOSPE | 29 weeks gestation |
100 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Schneuer et al., Australia, 2014 [114] | Nested Case Control | 5109 pregnant women (223 with PE and 29/223 with EOSPE) | 10–14 weeks gestation |
 Singla et al., India, 2015 [87] | Case Control | 74 -- nulliparous women with PE | >30 weeks gestation |
100 -- healthy nulliparous controls | |||
 Ullah et al., Bangladesh, 2013 [82] | Case Control | 33 -- women with PE | >20 weeks gestation |
79 – normal pregnancy controls | |||
 Wetta et al., UK, 2013 [96] | Case Control | 100 -women with PE | 15–21 weeks gestation |
200 – healthy pregnant controls | |||
 Woodham et al., USA, 2011 [15] | Nested Case Control | 41 – women with severe PE | 2nd Trimester |
121 – uncomplicated birth controls | |||
 Xu et al., USA, 2014 [53] | Case Control | 100 – women with PE | ≤ 24 weeks gestation |
100 – uncomplicated birth controls | |||
 Yu et al., UK, 2012 [115] | Case Control | 60 –late PE | 11–13 weeks gestation |
30 –early PE | |||
1000 – healthy controls | |||
Retrospective Cohort Study | |||
 Alvarez-Fernandez et al., Spain, 2014 [90] | Retrospective Cohort | 257 -- women attending obstetric triage with suspicion of PE | 1st Trimester and 20 weeks of gestation |
 Scholl et al., USA, 2013 [78] | Retrospective cohort | 1141 -- low income and minority pregnant women | Entry to care (mean 13.7 ± 5.7 weeks) |
Prospective Cohort Studies | |||
 Burris et al., USA, 2014 [94] | Prospective Cohort | 1591 -- pregnant women | 16.4–36.9 weeks gestation |
 Haugen et al., Norway, 2000 [77] | Prospective Cohort | 23,423 -- pregnant women | Vitamin D intake at weeks 15, 22, and 30 gestation |
 Shand et al., Canada, 2010 [37] | Prospective cohort | 221 -- women at risk for PE | 10–20 weeks gestation |
 Wei et al., Canda 2012 [60] | Prospective Cohort | 697 -- pregnant women receiving vitamin C and E supplementation for the prevention of PE | 12–18 weeks gestation, 24-26 weeks gestation |
 Wei, Canada, 2013 [14] | Prospective Cohort | 697 -- pregnant women receiving vitamin C and E supplementation for the prevention of PE | 24–26 weeks gestation |
 Zhou, China, 2014 [116] | Prospective Cohort | 74 – women with PE | 16–20 weeks gestation |