First trimester serum placental growth factor and hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin are associated with pre-eclampsia: a case control study

Table 2 Serum marker concentrations

	Controls n = 177	PE n = 98	Early-onset (<34 wk) PE n = 13^{a, a1}	Preterm (<37 wk) PE n = 24^a	SGA and PE n = 20^a	GH n = 25	SGA n = 41
PlGF
Median	28.4	26.2	25.8	25.3	23.0	26.4	31.3
95% CI	26.7–30.0	24.6–27.3	20.3–28.6	20.3–26.7	20.5–28.4	21.5–27.8	26.9–34.0
Median MoM	1.00	0.98	0.94	0.95^b	0.97^b	0.98	1.01
95% CI	0.97–1.02	0.95–1.00	0.88–1.00	0.89–1.00	0.88–0.99	0.92–1.04	0.98–1.05
%hCG-h
Median	12.4	10.2^c	8.1^c	9.1^c	10.6^c	10.6^b	11.6
95% CI	11.7–13.0	8.9–11.1	4.5–9.4	7.3–10.8	7.0–11.6	8.6–11.4	9.7–12.7
Median MoM	1.01	0.92^c	0.84^c	0.86^c	0.85^b	0.90^b	0.97
95% CI	0.96–1.02	0.88–0.97	0.70–0.94	0.79–0.97	0.81–0.97	0.82–0.93	0.89–1.06
PAPP-A
Median	648	567	503	507	499	330^b	642
95% CI	582–757	463–657	209–769	354–702	337–904	250–690	494–794
Median MoM	1.01	0.97^b	0.93^b	0.93^b	0.96	0.95	0.98
95% CI	0.99–1.03	0.95–1.00	0.81–0.95	0.86–0.97	0.90–0.98	0.91–1.00	0.93–1.02

PE pre-eclampsia, early-onset PE diagnosis made < 34 weeks of gestation, preterm PE diagnosis made < 37 weeks of gestation, SGA small-for-gestational-age (sex- and age –adjusted birth weight < 10^th percentile), GH gestational hypertension, CI confidence interval
^aSome patients may belong to more than one of these subgroups. ^a1 Women with early-onset pre-eclampsia are included in the subgroup of preterm pre-eclampsia. ^bP < 0.05 or ^cP < 0.001 as compared to controls analysed by ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett's test after logarithmic transformation

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