Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios for pregnancy outcomes

 Macrosomia (>4000 g)

1

1.30(0.79–2.15)

2.73(1.18–6.31)^c

3.15(1.71–5.80)^c

 Preterm labor (<37 weeks)

1

1.09(0.89–1.34)

1.53(0.99–2.37)

1.90(1.39–2.58)^c

 Low birth weight (<2500 g)

1

1.07(0.85–1.33)

1.64(1.01–2.64)^c

1.81(1.28–2.56)^c

 Admission to NICU^a

1

1.02(0.83–1.25)

1.61(1.05–2.46)^c

1.98(1.47–2.68)^c

 Apgar score <7 at 1 min

1

0.78(0.46–1.32)

1.20(0.43–3.35)

1.13(0.51–2.51)

 Cesarean section

1

1.06(0.94–1.21)

1.11(0.82–1.50)

1.19(0.95–1.49)

 Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia

1

1.36(1.04–1.79)^c

1.42(0.79–2.58)

1.70(1.11–2.60)^c

 Shoulder dystocia^b

1

0.61(0.27–1.34)

1.95(0.59–6.46)

2.02(0.78–5.23)

 Third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration^b

1

1.04(0.78–1.37)

1.05(0.52–2.14)

0.98(0.55–1.74)

 Postpartum hemorrhage

1

1.02(0.59–1.77)

1.26(0.39–4.08)

0.68(0.21–2.21)