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Table 4 Logistic regression results for factors associated with attending a skilled ANC visit in the first trimester, among women attending at least one skilled ANC visit

From: Coverage and timing of antenatal care among poor women in 6 Mesoamerican countries

 

Guatemala

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

El Salvador

Married

0.66

[0.35,1.23]

1.78

[0.97,3.26]

2.29***

[1.42,3.70]

1.60

[1.00,2.55]

0.75

[0.40,1.43]

2.04*

[1.12,3.71]

Parity (ref: 1st child)

 2nd–3rd child

1.18

[0.68,2.05]

0.61*

[0.37,1.00]

0.73

[0.47,1.11]

0.59*

[0.37,0.94]

1.04

[0.46,2.34]

0.74

[0.41,1.32]

 4th–5th child

0.99

[0.50,1.97]

0.48*

[0.24,0.98]

0.66

[0.38,1.15]

0.42*

[0.19,0.89]

0.63

[0.22,1.84]

0.46

[0.19,1.11]

 6th + child

1.29

[0.47,3.51]

0.29**

[0.14,0.62]

0.69

[0.39,1.24]

0.37*

[0.14,0.98]

0.39

[0.11,1.42]

0.27*

[0.10,0.73]

Age (ref: <20)

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

 20–34

1.33

[0.72,2.46]

1.68

[0.87,3.24]

2.57***

[1.67,3.97]

1.78

[0.92,3.45]

1.42

[0.68,2.97]

1.67

[0.82,3.39]

  > =35

1.93

[0.78,4.77]

1.28

[0.56,2.93]

3.16***

[1.69,5.90]

1.39

[0.56,3.44]

1.62

[0.52,5.07]

1.73

[0.67,4.50]

Education (ref: None)

 Primary

2.04*

[1.11,3.74]

2.17

[0.94,5.02]

1.35

[0.90,2.03]

1.52

[0.78,2.96]

0.65

[0.31,1.35]

0.40

[0.15,1.05]

 Post-primary

3.08**

[1.42,6.68]

1.87

[0.70,5.03]

1.84*

[1.15,2.94]

2.30*

[1.07,4.96]

0.74

[0.35,1.59]

0.59

[0.19,1.84]

 Female head of household

0.96

[0.47,1.97]

1.15

[0.59,2.23]

1.10

[0.70,1.72]

1.23

[0.71,2.10]

1.48

[0.80,2.75]

0.81

[0.46,1.42]

 Urban

0.93

[0.52,1.66]

0.69

[0.42,1.13]

1.10

[0.78,1.57]

1.48

[0.82,2.67]

(all rural)

0.57

[0.31,1.07]

Relative household expenditure per capita (ref: 1st quintile)

 2nd quintile

0.54

[0.22,1.36]

2.01**

[1.24,3.27]

1.07

[0.66,1.74]

0.84

[0.46,1.55]

0.98

[0.39,2.46]

0.95

[0.40,2.22]

 3rd quintile

0.69

[0.29,1.65]

1.94**

[1.18,3.19]

0.99

[0.66,1.50]

1.07

[0.61,1.91]

0.67

[0.30,1.51]

1.68

[0.66,4.29]

 4th quintile

0.92

[0.42,1.98]

1.76*

[1.05,2.96]

1.15

[0.72,1.84]

0.93

[0.47,1.87]

0.82

[0.27,2.44]

1.13

[0.56,2.26]

 5th quintile

1.00

[0.45,2.22]

2.25**

[1.34,3.79]

1.33

[0.77,2.31]

1.06

[0.52,2.18]

0.85

[0.33,2.23]

0.79

[0.37,1.71]

 Owns mobile phone

0.90

[0.52,1.56]

1.21

[0.76,1.93]

0.85

[0.60,1.20]

1.02

[0.70,1.46]

0.79

[0.43,1.45]

1.36

[0.72,2.55]

 Pregnancy was wanted

2.85**

[1.48,5.49]

1.32

[0.88,2.00]

1.30

[0.96,1.75]

1.54*

[1.01,2.36]

  

1.36

[0.84,2.19]

 Reported vaginal bleeding

1.07

[0.47,2.41]

1.36

[0.66,2.80]

1.37

[0.82,2.29]

0.74

[0.31,1.78]

1.37

[0.53,3.54]

1.41

[0.51,3.93]

 Previous complications

1.02

[0.53,1.95]

2.29*

[1.14,4.57]

0.78

[0.52,1.17]

1.91*

[1.11,3.30]

3.82

[0.89,16.27]

1.61

[0.62,4.17]

 CHW in the past month

1.73

[0.63,4.76]

1.06

[0.61,1.83]

1.26

[0.88,1.81]

1.68

[0.40,7.11]

1.01

[0.26,3.97]

0.96

[0.56,1.66]

 Media in the past week

1.04

[0.61,1.75]

0.85

[0.49,1.45]

1.22

[0.90,1.66]

1.45

[0.81,2.60]

1.32

[0.75,2.33]

1.31

[0.67,2.57]

Time to health facility (ref: <15 min)

 15–<30 min

0.54*

[0.31,0.93]

1.08

[0.68,1.72]

0.96

[0.65,1.42]

0.72

[0.45,1.17]

0.93

[0.43,1.99]

1.13

[0.53,2.43]

 30–<60 min

0.68

[0.37,1.25]

0.80

[0.45,1.43]

0.76

[0.53,1.10]

0.61

[0.34,1.07]

0.80

[0.26,2.49]

0.68

[0.30,1.53]

 60+ minutes

0.68

[0.33,1.41]

1.08

[0.70,1.69]

1.48

[0.84,2.60]

0.46**

[0.27,0.79]

0.43*

[0.22,0.84]

0.75

[0.31,1.79]

 Insured

1.04

[0.59,1.86]

1.58

[0.31,8.07]

1.10

[0.72,1.66]

0.91

[0.30,2.77]

1.96

[0.54,7.07]

1.20

[0.42,3.43]

Languages spoken in household (ref: Spanish only)

 Spanish and indigenous

1.01

[0.63,1.63]

  

0.53**

[0.35,0.80]

0.49*

[0.25,0.93]

0.94

[0.22,4.02]

  

 Indigenous only

0.92

[0.26,3.24]

  

0.41**

[0.21,0.80]

  

0.82

[0.18,3.63]

  

 Oportunidades

    

1.21

[0.88,1.68]

      
  1. Bold text indicates results that are statistically significant in terms of the following: *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001