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Table 3 Association between possible risk factors and DV during late pregnancy (N = 1509)

From: Prevalence and incidence of domestic violence during pregnancy and associated risk factors: a longitudinal cohort study in the south of Sweden

Independent variable

n (%)

DV reported during late pregnancy n (%)

OR 95 % CI

P-value (two-tailed)

History of violencea

668 (44.3)

17 (2.6)

-

<0.001

Age ≄35

269 (18.1)

2 (0.8)

0.6 (0.1–2.7)

NS

Multiparae

760 (54.3)

11 (1.5)

1.9 (0.6–5.4)

NS

Low educational status

481 (31.9)

10 (2.1)

3.1 (1.2–8.2)

0.016

Unemployed

74 (4.9)

2 (2.9)

2.7 (0.6–12.2)

NS

Foreign language

357 (23.7)

6 (1.7)

1.8 (0.7–4.9)

NS

Single/living apart

50 (3.3)

6 (12.2)

17.9 (6.4–50)

<0.001

Financial distress

705 (46.7)

13 (1.9)

3.7 (1.2–11.5)

0.014

Alcohol consumption

330 (22.1)

4 (1.2)

1.1 (0.4–3.4)

NS

Smoking/using wet tobacco

300 (20.1)

5 (1.7)

1.7 (0.6–4.8)

NS

Overweight/obese

378 (26.0)

7 (1.9)

2.0 (0.8–5.3)

NS

Unintended pregnancy

246 (16.5)

6 (2.4)

2.8 (1.01–7.5)

0.040

Miscarriage/abortion

91 (6.2)

2 (2.2)

2.1 (0.5–9.1)

NS

Self-reported poor health

67 (4.6)

1 (1.5)

1.4 (0.2–10.7)

NS

Lack of sleep

107 (7.2)

7 (6.7)

9.6 (3.6–25.8)

<0.001

EDS ≄13

115 (8.2)

9 (8.0)

15.8 (5.8–43.4)

<0.001

SOC Low score

364 (25.4)

13 (3.7)

9.9 (3.2–30.7)

<0.001

  1. Statistical significant is accepted by p < 0.05
  2. a All (n = 17) reported history of violence and therefore OR with 95 % CI not shown