Author, Year, Sample size, Age, Country, Study design | Nutrient | Cognitive function | Results after adjustment for confounders | QS and RB |
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45Alderman H; 2014  N = 6774  Age 16-22 years  Double blind cluster randomized controlled trial  Gambia | Carbohydrate/protein supplements Intervention Group: 2 biscuits daily (1015 kcal carbohydrate and 22 g protein) from 20 weeks of gestation to delivery Control group: same supplements for 20 weeks during postpartum but not during pregnancy No information about compliance | Raven’s progressive matrices- nonverbal reasoning ability The Mill Hill vocabulary test The backward and forward digit-span test Schooling achievement (questionnaire) | No difference in any of the cognitive test scores or schooling achievement between children whose mothers received the supplements during pregnancy and children whose mothers received supplements during postpartum. Confounders adjusted for: The child’s sex, age, GA, ME, PE, maternal height, parity, season of birth, language and village allocation | 19 Low |