Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of all registry births ≥1500 g pre-post HBB intervention
Kenya | Nagpur, India | Belgaum, India | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
Registry deliveriesa, n | 8875 | 8394 | 9461 | 9721 | 16,992 | 16,715 | 35,328 | 34,830 |
Birth location, n (%) | ||||||||
Hospital | 1203 (13.6) | 1296 (15.4) | 6323 (66.8) | 6995 (72.0) | 12,501 (73.6) | 11,931 (71.4) | 20,027 (56.7) | 20,222 (58.1) |
Clinic | 2514 (28.3) | 2791 (33.2) | 2966 (31.4) | 2638 (27.1) | 3708 (21.8) | 4098 (24.5) | 9188 (26.0) | 9527 (27.4) |
Home/Other | 5158 (58.1) | 4307 (51.3) | 170 (1.8) | 88 (0.9) | 783 (4.6) | 686 (4.1) | 6111 (17.3) | 5081 (14.6) |
Birth attendant, n (%) | ||||||||
Physician | 209 (2.4) | 203 (2.4) | 5701 (60.3) | 6289 (64.7) | 10,446 (61.5) | 10,149 (60.7) | 16,356 (46.3) | 16,641 (47.8) |
Nurse/midwife | 3617 (40.8) | 3929 (46.8) | 3597 (38.0) | 3355 (34.5) | 5838 (34.4) | 5973 (35.7) | 13,052 (36.9) | 13,257 (38.1) |
TBA | 3930 (44.3) | 3154 (37.6) | 110 (1.2) | 45 (0.5) | 225 (1.3) | 159 (1.0) | 4265 (12.1) | 3358 (9.6) |
Family/unattended | 1119 (12.6) | 1108 (13.2) | 53 (0.6) | 32 (0.3) | 483 (2.8) | 434 (2.6) | 1655 (4.7) | 1574 (4.5) |
Maternal education, n (%) | ||||||||
No formal schooling | 249 (2.8) | 228 (2.7) | 262 (2.8) | 259 (2.7) | 3091 (18.3) | 2460 (14.7) | 3602 (10.2) | 2947 (8.5) |
Primary | 6174 (69.6) | 5690 (68.4) | 1575 (16.7) | 1636 (16.9) | 5300 (31.3) | 5207 (31.2) | 13,049 (37.0) | 12,533 (36.0) |
Secondary | 2071 (23.3) | 2019 (24.3) | 5705 (60.4) | 5669 (58.5) | 6786 (40.1) | 7005 (41.2) | 14,562 (41.0) | 14,693 (42.0) |
University + | 378 (4.3) | 376 (4.5) | 1899 (20.1) | 2129 (22.0) | 1730 (10.2) | 2022 (12.1) | 4007 (11.4) | 4527 (13.0) |
Maternal age, n (%) | ||||||||
< 20 | 1933 (21.8) | 1884 (22.7) | 189 (2.0) | 182 (1.9) | 1650 (9.7) | 1584 (9.5) | 3772 (10.7) | 3650 (10.5) |
20–35 | 6595 (74.3) | 6083 (73.2) | 9226 (97.6) | 9494 (97.8) | 15,318 (90.1) | 15,101 (90.3) | 31,139 (88.2) | 30,678 (88.3) |
> 35 | 343 (3.9) | 345 (4.1) | 35 (0.37) | 31 (0.32) | 23 (0.14) | 30 (0.18) | 401 (1.1) | 406 (1.2) |
Paritya, n (%) | ||||||||
0 | 2263 (25.5) | 2232 (26.6) | 4519 (47.8) | 4568 (47.0) | 7208 (43.5) | 7253 (43.4) | 13,990 (40.1) | 14,053 (40.4) |
1–2 | 3550 (40.0) | 3269 (39.0) | 4703 (49.7) | 4892 (50.3) | 8305 (50.1) | 8486 (50.8) | 16,558 (47.5) | 16,647 (47.8) |
> 2 | 3056 (34.5) | 2883 (34.4) | 236 (2.5) | 258 (2.7) | 1053 (6.4) | 969 (5.8) | 4345 (12.5) | 4110 (11.8) |
Labor complications, n (%) | 1406 (15.8) | 1269 (15.1) | 1356 (14.3) | 1530 (15.7) | 2428 (14.3) | 3050 (18.3) | 5190 (14.7) | 5849 (16.8) |
Caesarean rate, n (%) | 162 (1.8) | 162 (1.9) | 1879 (19.9) | 2202 (22.7) | 2509 (14.8) | 3103 (18.6) | 4550 (12.9) | 5467 (15.7) |
Multiple births, n (%) | 99 (1.1) | 102 (1.2) | 57 (0.6) | 68 (0.7) | 122 (0.7) | 103 (0.6) | 278 (0.8) | 273 (0.8) |
Corticosteroids, n (%) | ||||||||
Yes | 59 (1.1) | 124 (1.5) | 123 (6.3) | 416 (4.4) | 422 (3.0) | 1225 (7.3) | 604 (2.8) | 1765 (5.1) |
No | 5228 (98.9) | 8209 (98.5) | 1809 (92.8) | 8880 (94.8) | 13,746 (96.3) | 15,446 (92.4) | 20,783 (96.6) | 32,535 (94.5) |
Don’t know | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.04) | 18 (0.92) | 73 (0.78) | 103 (0.72) | 44 (0.46) | 121 (0.56) | 120 (0.35) |
Registry births, n (%) | 8972 | 8510 | 9514 | 9784 | 17,109 | 16,815 | 35,595 | 35,109 |
Male, n (%) | 4582 (51.1) | 4281 (50.3) | 4998 (52.5) | 5018 (51.3) | 8927 (52.2) | 8687 (51.7) | 18,507 (52.0) | 17,986 (51.2) |
Birth weight (g) b, n (%) | ||||||||
1500–2499 | 256 (2.9) | 267 (3.2) | 1336 (14.1) | 1441 (14.7) | 2261 (13.2) | 3292 (19.7) | 3853 (10.9) | 5000 (14.3) |
≥ 2500 | 8429 (97.1) | 8145 (96.8) | 8152 (85.9) | 8336 (85.3) | 14,824 (86.8) | 13,441 (80.3) | 31,405 (89.1) | 29,922 (85.7) |
Registry births ≥ 1500 g, n | 8972 | 8510 | 9514 | 9784 | 17,109 | 16,815 | 35,595 | 35,109 |
Registry births ≥ 1500 g in facilities, n (%) | 3778 (42.1) | 4164 (48.9) | 9342 (98.2) | 9693 (99.1) | 16,323 (95.4) | 16,129 (95.9) | 29,443 (82.7) | 29,986 (85.4) |
Registry births ≥ 1500 g in HBB-trained facilities, n (%) | 3235 (36.1) | 3481 (40.9) | 4053 (42.6) | 4373 (44.7) | 7944 (46.4) | 8131 (48.4) | 15,232 (42.8) | 15,985 (45.5) |
Primary facility, n (%) c | 2620 (81.0) | 2733 (78.5) | 207 (5.1) | 227 (5.2) | 2713 (34.2) | 2924 (36.0) | 5540 (36.4) | 5884 (36.8) |
Secondary facility, n (%) | 615 (19.0) | 748 (21.5) | 432 (10.7) | 521 (11.9) | 3935 (49.5) | 3930 (48.3) | 4982 (32.7) | 5199 (32.5) |
Tertiary facility, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3414 (84.2) | 3625 (82.9) | 1296 (16.3) | 1277 (15.7) | 4710 (30.9) | 4902 (30.7) |
Non-HBB trained facilities, n (%) | 543 (6.1) | 683 (8.0) | 5289 (55.6) | 5320 (54.4) | 8379 (49.0) | 7998 (47.6) | 14,211 (39.9) | 14,001 (40.0) |