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Table 2 ORs (95 % CIs) for factors associated with selected breastfeeding practices by ethnicity in mothers with children 0–23 months olda

From: Infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers

 

Early initiation of breastfeeding (n = 1875)

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months (n = 943)

Predominant breastfeeding under 6 months(n = 943)

Bottle feeding(n = 1875)

Mother ethnicity (ref. Kinh ethnicity):

 Thai-Muong

1.04

(0.72,1.51)

0.42

(0.25, 0.71)**

0.07

(0.01, 0.49)**

0.50

(0.37, 0.68)***

 Tay-Nung

0.56

(0.39,0.80)**

0.67

(0.34, 1.32)

0.39

(0.19, 0.79)**

1.12

(0.75, 1.68)

 E De-Mnong

0.75

(0.48,1.17)

1.99

(1.04, 3.82)*

1.35

(0.82, 2.24)

0.69

(0.50, 0.95)*

Mother age (18–24 y vs. ≥ 25 y)

0.66

(0.53,0.83)***

0.77

(0.50, 1.19)

0.75

(0.55, 1.02)

0.96

(0.72, 1.30)

Mother education (≤9 y vs. > 9 y)

1.30

(1.07,1.57)**

1.14

(0.75, 1.73)

0.86

(0.61, 1.23)

0.95

(0.64, 1.42)

Mother occupation (farmer vs. others)

1.40

(1.01,1.94)*

1.71

(1.18, 2.47)**

1.52

(1.03, 2.24)*

0.61

(0.39, 0.97)*

Food insecurity status (ref. food secured):

 Mild

0.66

(0.45,0.97)*

1.17

(0.60, 2.26)

1.05

(0.70, 1.59)

0.99

(0.64, 1.53)

 Moderate

0.72

(0.57,0.91)**

0.81

(0.57, 1.14)

0.91

(0.65, 1.29)

0.96

(0.63, 1.46)

 Severe

0.61

(0.45,0.81)***

0.77

(0.45, 1.31)

0.85

(0.50, 1.44)

1.10

(0.61, 1.98)

Child age (mo)

  

0.65

(0.59, 0.71)***

0.54

(0.48, 0.60)***

1.14

(1.02, 1.27)*

Being a boy

0.94

(0.75,1.18)

0.84

(0.55,1.27)

0.89

(0.68,1.17)

1.35

(0.88,2.06)

Delivery modes (ref. vaginal delivery out of hospital):

 Vaginal delivery in hospital

0.47

(0.31,0.71)***

      

 Cesarean delivery in hospital

0.03

(0.02,0.05)***

      

Professional breastfeeding advice during pregnancy

1.27

(1.03,1.57)*

      

Professional breastfeeding support during 3 days after birth

1.40

(1.10,1.78)**

      
  1. aData from Alive & Thrive baseline surveys, 2011 and 2012 [24, 25]. Values are odds ratios (OR) and 95 % CIs. Significantly different from the null value (OR = 1; two-sided t tests): *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001