Vitamin D levels and perinatal depressive symptoms in women at risk: a secondary analysis of the mothers, omega-3, and mental health study

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics Stratified by Vitamin D level at 12–20 weeks

Parameter	Vitamin D ≥20 ng/mL	Vitamin D <20 ng/mL	P – value
Parameter	(N = 98)	(N = 19)	P – value
Age			^a0.03^b
Mean, S.D.	30.8, 5.04	27.8, 5.04	^a0.03^b
Gravidity			0.17^c
Mean, S.D.	2.36, 1.49	3.00, 1.91	0.17^c
Parity			0.27^c
Mean, S.D.	.89, 0.98	1.15, 1.12	0.27^c
Gestational age (weeks) at enrollment			0.57^b
Mean, S.D.	16.3, 2.41	16.7, 2.60	0.57^b
White N (percent)	82 (84)	14 (74)	0.38^d
Non-White N (percent)	16 (16)	5 (26)	0.38^d
Self-reported history of depression			1.00^d
N (percent)	79 (81)	15 (79)	1.00^d
Reported tobacco use			^a0.004^d
N (percent)	6 (6)	6 (32)	^a0.004^d
BMI			0.10^c
Mean, S.D.	27.62, 6.82	31.00, 7.85	0.10^c
October-March at enrollment			0.81^d
N (percent)	55 (56)	10 (53)	0.81^d
EPA (as % of total fatty acids)			0.11^c
Mean, S.D	.37, .21	.32, .24	0.11^c
DHA (as % of total fatty acids)			0.44^c
Mean, S.D.	3.18, 1.32	2.91, 0.80	0.44^c
BDI at baseline	7.4, 4.9	10.2, 7.1	0.11

S.D. standard deviation, BMI body-mass index, ^a = statistically significant
^bStudent’s t-test
^cMann-Whitney test
^dFisher’s Exact test

ISSN: 1471-2393