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Table 3 Maternal characteristics in all Congenital Malformations groups

From: Are hypertensive disorders in pregnancy associated with congenital malformations in offspring? Evidence from the WHO Multicountry cross sectional survey on maternal and newborn health

 

All women

Neural tube/Central nervous system

Cardiac

Renal

Limb

Lip/Cleft/Palate

Chromosomal

 

N

n (%)

χ 2

n (%)

χ 2

n (%)

χ 2

n (%)

χ 2

n (%)

χ 2

n (%)

χ 2

Maternal age (years)

  

0.9

 

<0.01

 

0.07

 

0.5

 

0.9

 

<0.01

 <20

31 259

31 (9.8)

 

39 (8.2)

 

7 (5.2)

 

42 (11.8)

 

18 (8.5)

 

14 (8.1)

 

 20–35

244 425

238 (75.5)

 

340 (71.4)

 

111 (82.8)

 

278 (78.5)

 

162 (76.8)

 

91 (52.9)

 

 >35

25 583

46 (14.7)

 

97 (20.4)

 

16 (12.0)

 

34 (9.7)

 

31 (14.7)

 

67 (39.0)

 

 Missing

868

            

Marital Status

  

0.6

 

0.09

 

0.3

 

0.7

 

0.09

 

0.5

 Single

30 583

35 (11.2)

 

32 (6.8)

 

10 (7.5)

 

38 (10.8)

 

12 (5.8)

 

15 (8.8)

 

 Married

268 051

278 (88.8)

 

440 (93.2)

 

124 (92.5)

 

314 (89.2)

 

194 (94.2)

 

155 (91.2)

 

 Missing

3 501

            

Education (years)

  

0.4

 

<0.01

 

0.9

 

<0.01

 

<0.01

 

0.8

 <5

54 693

55 (18.5)

 

13 (3.2)

 

13 (10.1)

 

38 (12.4)

 

16 (8.6)

 

13 (8.8)

 

 5–8

62 952

68 (23.0)

 

60 (14.8)

 

22 (17.0)

 

70 (22.9)

 

41 (21.8)

 

24 (16.3)

 

 9–11

71 550

88 (29.7)

 

166 (41.0)

 

40 (31.0)

 

105 (34.3)

 

77 (40.9)

 

53 (36.1)

 

 >11

88 274

85 (28.8)

 

165 (41.0)

 

54 (41.9)

 

93 (30.4)

 

54 (28.7)

 

57 (38.8)

 

 Missing

24 666

            

N previous births

  

0.3

 

0.2

 

0.5

 

0.4

 

0.2

 

<0.01

 0

128 479

123 (39.0)

 

208 (43.6)

 

52 (38.5)

 

161 (45.2)

 

76 (36.2)

 

58 (33.5)

 

 1–2

125 401

135 (42.9)

 

216 (45.3)

 

63 (46.7)

 

156 (43.8)

 

97 (46.2)

 

78 (45.1)

 

 >2

47 672

57 (18.1)

 

53 (11.1)

 

20 (14.8)

 

39 (11.0)

 

37 (17.6)

 

37 (21.4)

 

 Missing

583