Table 6 Unadjusted and multivariate adjusted predictors of preterm (<34 weeks)-SGA (<10th percentile)
From: Risk factors for small-for-gestational-age and preterm births among 19,269 Tanzanian newborns
Term-AGA (>10 %) | Preterm (<34 weeks)-SGA (<10th percentile) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | % (n = 15,522) | % (n = 633) | Unadjusted RR (95 % CI) | p-value | Multivariate adjusted RR (95 % CI) | p-value |
Maternal age | ||||||
< 20 years | 13.1 | 19.1 | 1.66 (1.31–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.11–1.92) | 0.007 |
20–25 years | 30.6 | 35.4 | 1.33 (1.08–1.64) | 0.006 | 1.27 (1.02–1.57) | 0.029 |
25–30 years | 28.0 | 24.1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
30–35 years | 21.5 | 15.3 | 0.84 (0.65–1.08) | 0.174 | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 0.979 |
≥ 35 years | 6.8 | 6.1 | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) | 0.787 | 0.86 (0.65–1.13) | 0.270 |
Maternal education | ||||||
No formal schooling | 8.3 | 8.1 | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 0.942 | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | 0.599 |
Some primary | 7.3 | 6.9 | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 0.789 | 0.86 (0.62–1.20) | 0.382 |
Completed primary | 73.1 | 72.0 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Secondary plus | 13.0 | 11.3 | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 0.233 | 1.24 (0.95–1.61) | 0.114 |
Paternal education | ||||||
No formal schooling | 4.6 | 4.9 | 1.06 (0.73–1.54) | 0.774 | 0.96 (0.64–1.43) | 0.838 |
Some primary | 5.1 | 6.5 | 1.26 (0.91–1.76) | 0.161 | 1.15 (0.82–1.61) | 0.430 |
Completed primary | 72.3 | 72.0 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Secondary plus | 18.0 | 16.7 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.565 | 0.94 (0.74–1.20) | 0.626 |
Dar es Salaam wealth quintile | ||||||
Q1 (Poorest) | 15.1 | 21.9 | 1.76 (1.16–2.68) | 1.73 (1.11–2.69) | ||
Q2 | 22.5 | 20.1 | 1.11 (0.73–1.71) | 1.07 (0.69–1.68) | ||
Q3 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 1.20 (0.77–1.88) | 1.15 (0.73–1.82) | ||
Q4 | 30.7 | 29.9 | 1.21 (0.81–1.81) | 1.20 (0.79–1.80) | ||
Q5 (Richest) | 14.7 | 11.7 | Ref. | 0.028* | Ref. | 0.053* |
Morogoro wealth quintile | ||||||
Q1 (Poorest) | 17.1 | 27.1 | 2.22 (1.56–3.16) | 1.82 (1.23–2.68) | ||
Q2 | 22.3 | 21.8 | 1.40 (0.97–2.02) | 1.20 (0.81–1.78) | ||
Q3 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 1.17 (0.77–1.76) | 1.05 (0.69–1.62) | ||
Q4 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 1.40 (0.96–2.04) | 1.24 (0.84–1.84) | ||
Q5 (Richest) | 21.0 | 14.5 | Ref. | <0.001* | Ref. | 0.006* |
Trimester of first ANC visit | ||||||
1st Trimester | 12.7 | 10.7 | 0.86 (0.65–1.14) | 0.293 | 0.81 (0.61–1.08) | 0.153 |
2nd Trimester | 76.6 | 76.2 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
3rd Trimester | 10.7 | 13.0 | 1.21 (0.93–1.57) | 0.152 | 1.24 (0.96–1.61) | 0.803 |
Maternal height | ||||||
< 150 cm | 7.9 | 12.9 | 1.57 (1.01–2.42) | 1.42 (0.92–2.20) | ||
150.0–154.9 cm | 33.8 | 34.6 | 1.01 (0.71–1.42) | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) | ||
155.0–159.9 cm | 37.9 | 31.7 | 0.83 (0.58–1.17) | 0.80 (0.56–1.13) | ||
≥ 160.0 cm | 20.5 | 20.8 | Ref. | 0.099* | Ref. | 0.613* |
Parity | ||||||
First born | 26.9 | 34.6 | 1.36 (1.15–1.62) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) | 0.318 |
2nd–4th birth | 59.2 | 55.1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
5th or greater | 13.8 | 10.3 | 0.80 (0.61–1.07) | 0.130 | 0.85 (0.62–1.17) | 0.333 |
Infant sex | ||||||
Male | 51.3 | 52.1 | 1.03 (0.89–1.21) | 0.663 | 1.04 (0.90–1.22) | 0.572 |
Female | 48.8 | 47.9 | Ref. | Ref. | ||