Higher maternal leptin levels at second trimester are associated with subsequent greater gestational weight gain in late pregnancy

Table 4 Associations between 1^st or 2^nd trimester leptin and subsequent GWG^a stratified by 1^st trimester BMI

Models		BMI < 25 kg/m² (n = 406)		25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m² (n = 159)		BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (n = 110)
Models		β ± SE	P value	β ± SE	P value	β ± SE	P value
1^st trimester leptin levels and mid pregnancy GWG	Unadjusted	0.02 ± 0.03	0.46	0.10 ± 0.08	0.23	0.01 ± 0.09	0.92
1^st trimester leptin levels and mid pregnancy GWG	Adjusted¹	0.01 ± 0.03	0.60	0.01 ± 0.08	0.88	−0.01 ± 0.10	0.92
2^nd trimester leptin levels 1-h post OGTT and late pregnancy GWG	Unadjusted	0.17 ± 0.04	<0.0001	0.33 ± 0.08	<0.0001	0.12 ± 0.12	0.33
	Adjusted¹	0.15 ± 0.04	0.0001	0.26 ± 0.09	0.004	0.13 ± 0.12	0.29

^aAll β represent the change in weight gain (kg) per week associated to a change of 1 log of leptin levels. ¹ Adjusted for variables measured cross-sectionally to leptin levels of interest respectively to trimester: the number of weeks of gestation at the moment of assessment, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (1^st or 2^nd trimester), physical activity (1^st or 2^nd trimester), fruits and vegetables per day (1^st or 2^nd trimester) and restaurant meals per week (1^st or 2^nd trimester). BMI: body mass index. GWG: gestational weight gain. OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test

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