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Table 1 Detailed characteristics of all eligible studies for the association with serum RBP4 levels and GDM

From: Serum level and polymorphisms of retinol-binding protein-4 and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

Study

Year

Country

No of case

No of control

Diagnose criteriab

Gestational age at blood sampling

Test

BMIc

RBP4(μg/ml)d

P-value

Case

Control

Chan a [16]

2007

China, Han

20

20

NDDG

24–28 weeks

ELISA

Matched

0.0424 ± 0.0138

0.0320 ± 0.0087

0.007

Chan b [16]

2007

China, Han

20

20

NDDG

immediately after delivery

ELISA

Matched

0.0301 ± 0.0110

0.0309 ± 0.0100

0.811

Kim [17]

2008

South Korea

10

9

ADA

24–28 weeks

ELISA

P > 0.05

39.1 ± 6.3

30.0 ± 10.0

0.026

Lewandowskia[19]

2008

Austria

15

35

ADA

28 weeks

Unclear

Matched

53.9 ± 18.7

34.4 ± 12.4

<0.001

Sun [20]

2009

China, Han

32

30

OGTT confirmed

24 h before delivery

ELISA

Matched

27.0 ± 1.2

19.4 ± 1.8

<0.001

Klein a [21]

2010

Austria, Caucasian

63

38

ADA

24–28 weeks

ELISA

Matched

18.0 ± 3.7

16.9 ± 5.1

0.213

Klein b [21]

2010

Austria, Caucasian

63

38

ADA

33 weeks

ELISA

Matched

20.3 ± 7.2

17.9 ± 6.1

0.089

Su [23]

2010

China, Han

63

58

ADA

24–28 weeks

ELISA

Matched

41.6 ± 12.2

34.5 ± 9.8

<0.001

Tepper [24]

2010

USA, mixed

12

10

ADA

24–28 weeks

EIA

Matched

25.2 ± 2.1

25.2 ± 2.1

1.000

Kuzmicki aa[26]

2011

Poland

68

68

WHO

24–30 weeks

EIA

P > 0.05

58.1 ± 25.3

51.0 ± 18.1

0.062

Kuzmicki ba[26]

2011

Poland

20

18

WHO

36–40 weeks

EIA

P > 0.05

62.4 ± 31.0

42.9 ± 19.0

0.027

Chen [25]

2011

China, Han

52

46

NDDG

before delivery

ELISA

Matched

31.93 ± 7.21

26.92 ± 8.5

0.002

Ping [12]

2012

China, Han

74

69

ADA

24–28 weeks

ELISA

P > 0.05

21.53 ± 5.96

20.84 ± 4.31

<0.001

Skvarcaa [28]

2012

Slovenia

30

44

ADA

26.81 ± 3.46 weeks

ELISA

P > 0.05

15.00 ± 6.11

15.57 ± 8.35

0.750

Liang [31]

2014

China, Han

35

35

NDDG

24–28 weeks

ELISA

P > 0.05

22.90 ± 3.09

17.90 ± 3.91

<0.001

Fruscalzo [32]

2015

Germany, mixed

32

44

ADA

11–13 weeks

ELISA

P > 0.05

24.78 ± 6.51

27.93 ± 7.98

0.071

Du [33]

2015

China

38

38

NDDG

37–42 weeks

ELISA

Matched

39.08 ± 8.29

21.42 ± 3.85

<0.001

  1. aRaw data in the article are presented as median (interquartile range)
  2. bDiagnostic criteria: NDDG National Diabetes Data Group criteria, ADA, American Diabetes Association criteria, WHO World Health Organization criteria
  3. cBMI: matched, the control subjects had been matched with the GDM subjects for BMI; P > 0.05, difference of BMI between case and control had no statistical significance
  4. dData are presented as mean ± standard deviation