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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Association between maternal HIV infection and low birth weight and prematurity: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

First author, publication year

Study year

Design type

Study location

Low birth weight

Preterm delivery

Qa

Confounding

Exposure to ARVs*

Number of infected women

Rate

OR

Number of infected women

Rate

OR

Hira et al., 1989 [30]

1987

Prospective

Zambia

227

9.7

3.75

227

6.6

1.37

5

No

No

Lallemant et al., 1989 [31]

1987–1988

Prospective

Congo

64

26.0

3.22

   

3

No

No

Selwyn et al., 1989 [32]

1989

Prospective

USA

   

25

32.0

1.01

0

No

No

Braddick et al., 1990 [33]

1986–1989

Retrospective

Malawi

167

9.0

3.00

165

16.0

1.50

7

No

No

Semprini et al., 1990 [34]

1985-

Prospective

Italy

   

74

15.0

0.42

5

No

No

Halsey et al., 1990 [35]

1976–1985

Prospective

Haiti

199

18.6

1.78

199

6.9

3.35

0

No

No

Lepage et al., 1991 [36]

1988–1989

Prospective

Rwanda

218

17.2

1.40

   

9

No

No

Mayers et al., 1991 [37]

1985–1989

Prospective

USA

   

33

36.0

1.76

6

No

No

Alger et al., 1993 [38]

1987–1991

Prospective

USA

101

27.7

1.05

   

0

No

No

St Louis et al., 1993 [39]

1989–1990

Prospective

Congo

   

324

20.4

1.31

0

No

Not

Bulterys et al., 1994 [40]

1989–1992

Prospective

Rwanda

274

7.8

1.79

297

28.0

1.50

9

No

No

Temmerman et al., 1994 [8]

1989–1991

Prospective

Kenya

285

19.6

1.40

315

24.1

1.90

9

No

No

Taha et al., 1995 [41]

before 1995

Prospective

Malawi

663

20.1

2.55

   

7

No

Not stated

Kumar et al., 1995 [42]

1992–1993

Prospective

India

150

21.6

2.12

150

22.0

3.29

9

No

Not stated

Mauri et al., 1995 [43]

1986–1992

Prospective

Italy

   

38

16.0

1.91

7

No

Not stated

Bloland et al., 1995 [44]

1987–1990

Prospective

Malawi

92

17.4

1.76

85

6.5

1.51

9

No

No

Markson et al., 1996 [45]

1989–1990

Prospective

USA

772

29.0

2.04

   

7

Yes

Not stated

Bucceri et al., 1997 [11]

1985–1993

Prospective

Italy

153

32.0

1.20

151

21.0

0.90

3

No

Not stated

Castetbon et al., 1999 [46]

1992–1993

Prospective

Rwanda

177

18.6

2.24

177

21.5

2.03

9

Yes, LBW: aOR = 1.21(0.58–2.56)

Not stated

Coley et al., 2001 [12]

1995–1997

Prospective

Tanzania

433

15.2

1.25

420

27.1

1.11

7

Yes, aOR =1.21 and 1.11for LBW and PTD

Not stated

Ellis et al., 2002 [9]

1988–1995

Retrospective

USA

524

29.4

2.11

524

28.9

1.83

7

Yes, aOR:LBW:1.45(1.14–1.86)PTD:1.32(1.04–1.70)

Not stated

Ticconi et al., 2003 [47]

2000–2001

Prospective

Zimbabwe

82

 

4.36

82

53.7

3.33

7

Yes, LBW: aOR = 3.16(1.80–5.54); PTD: aOR = 4.10(2.17–7.75)

Not stated

Friis et al., 2004 [48]

1996–1997

Retrospective

Zimbabwe

360

14.7

1.74

360

21.1

1.46

9

Not mentioned

Not stated

van Eijk et al., 2004 [49]

1996–2000

Retrospective

Kenya

641

4.8

1.81

641

8.1

1.16

6

No

Not stated

Boer et al., 2007 [50]

1997–2003

Retrospective

Holland

142

17.0

1.72

143

18.0

2.24

4

Yes

Yes

Schulte et al., 2007 [10]

1989–2004 [10]

Retrospective

USA

1744

26.0

1.45

1614

27.0

1.77

9

Yes, aOR = 1.34 for LBW and aOR = 1.65 for PTD

Yes

Haeri et al., 2008 [51]

before 2008

Retrospective

USA

151

30.0

3.04

151

18.0

1.63

0

Yes (spontaneous PTD aOR = 2.27 (1.2–4.3))

Yes

Mitgitti et al., 2008 [52]

1997–2002

Retrospective

Thailand

266

12.0

1.78

247

8.5

1.23

7

Yes, LBW aOR = 1.98(1.26–3.10)

Not stated

Habib et al., 2008 [53]

1999–2006

Retrospective

Tanzania

   

434

10.4

1.25

5

Yes

Yes, partly

Ezeaka et al., 2009 [54]

2002–2005

Prospective

Nigeria

220

16.8

3.47

   

7

No

Not stated

Uneke et al., 2009 [55]

2006

Prospective

Nigeria

3

25.0

3.16

   

0

No

Not stated

Musana et al., 2009 [56]

2004–2005

Prospective

Kenya

68

56.0

2.80

68

73

2.20

3

No

Not stated

Olagbuji et al., 2010 [57]

2007–2008

Prospective

Nigeria

203

18.2

5.43

203

12.8

1.98

9

No

Yes

Pattinson et al., 2010 [58]

2006–2008

Retrospective

South Africa

3014

19.8

1.47

   

0

No

Yes, partly

Patil et al., 2011 [13]

2002–2003

Prospective

India

212

31.1

0.77

212

13.7

1.13

7

No

Yes, partly

Asavapiriyanont et al., 2011 [59]

2004–2008

Prospective

USA

420

12.6

0.94

   

0

Not mentioned

Yes, partly

Ndirangu et al., 2012 [60]

2001–2004

Prospective

South Africa

1189

9.8

1.48

1189

21.8

1.39

9

Yes, aOR for PTD = 1.07

No

Lopez et al., 2012 [61]

1986–2010

Retrospective

Spain

   

519

19.7

2.60

9

Yes, aOR = 2.5(1.9–3.5)

Yes, partly

Chen et al., 2012 [62]

2009–2011

Retrospective

Botswana

   

9504

23.7

1.50

4

Yes, aOR = 1.3(1.3–1.4)

Yes

Nkhoma et al., 2012 [63]

2005–2006

Prospective

Malawi

45

26.7

2.32

   

4

Yes, aOR = 3.08(1.40–6.79)

Yes

Muhangi et al., 2013 [29]

2003–2005

Prospective

Uganda

121

10.0

1.80

   

3

No

Yes, only 5

Ezechi et al., 2013 [64]

2004–2011

Prospective

Nigeria

2158

9.4

3.01

2105

13.1

2.10

9

Yes, aOR = 2.95(1.95–3.10); 2.05(1.3–3.1)

Yes

Duan et al., 2014 [65]

2010–2013

Retrospective

China

300

14.7

6.27

300

10.3

1.81

3

No

Yes

He et al., 2013 [66]

2007–2009

Retrospective

China

58

3.4

0.65

58

5.2

1.53

7

 

Yes

Wang et al., 2009 [67]

2007–2008

Retrospective

China

35

14.3

3.55

   

3

No

Yes

Han et al., 2004 [68]

1997–1999

Case control

Tanzania

37

18.9

4.43

37

16.2

3.68

3

No

Not stated

Dong et al., 2001 [69]

1995–1999

Case control

Tanzania

86

16.3

2.40

86

14.0

3.08

3

No

Not stated

Macdonald et al., 2015 [70]

2002–2003, 2010–2011

Retrospective

Canada

615

12.5

1.90

615

14.6

1.76

7

Yes

Yes

Salihu et al., 2013 [71]

1998–2007

Prospective

USA

4634

 

1.73

4634

 

1.35

9

Yes

Not stated

Boyajian et al., 2012 [72]

2003–2010

Retrospective

Canada

91

20.2

2.91

91

15.6

1.70

7

Yes

Yes

Brown et al., 2012 [73]

2000–2008

Retrospective

USA

71

43.7

4.23

71

40.9

2.83

6

No

Yes

Da Costa et al., 2013 [74]

1995–2005

Prospective

Brazil

   

713

15.0

1.57

6

Yes, aOR 1.26(0.90–1.770

Not stated

  1. CI confidence interval, LBW low birth weight; OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, PTD preterm delivery
  2. aquality score of articles calculated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; ARVs* antiretroviral drugs exposure before or during pregnancy