Table 3 Odds ratio of obstetric outcomes by country of origin, in reference to Norwegian women (N = 7408)

Induced labor

841 cases

 Norway

6826

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Somalia

278

1.54 (1.11–2.13)

1.92 (1.37–2.70)

1.40 (0.94–2.08)

 Iraq

166

1.03 (0.63–1.67)

1.27 (0.78–2.08)

0.97 (0.57–1.65)

 Afghanistan

71

0.35 (0.11–1.12)

0.47 (0.15–1.49)

0.36 (0.11–1.17)

 Kosovo

67

1.74 (0.93–3.26)

2.23 (1.18–4.23)

1.65 (0.84–3.24)

Epidural analgesia

2691 cases

 Norway

6826

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^a

 Somalia

278

0.40 (0.29–0.54)

0.49 (0.36–0.68)

0.40 (0.28–0.56)

0.40 (0.28–0.56)

 Iraq

166

0.96 (0.70–1.32)

1.01 (0.72–1.41)

0.86 (0.60–1.24)

0.85 (0.59–1.23)

 Afghanistan

71

0.62 (0.36–1.05)

0.56 (0.33–0.97)

0.48 (0.27–0.84)

0.48 (0.27–0.85)

 Kosovo

67

0.88 (0.53–1.47)

0.99 (0.59–1.68)

0.83 (0.48–1.44)

0.82 (0.47–1.43)

Labor dystocia

3147 cases

 Norway

6826

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^b

 Somalia

278

0.70 (0.54–0.89)

1.09 (0.83–1.43)

0.98 (0.72–1.33)

0.95 (0.70–1.29)

 Iraq

166

1.08 (0.79–1.47)

1.36 (0.98–1.90)

1.20 (0.84–1.72)

1.20 (0.84–1.72)

 Afghanistan

71

1.04 (0.65–1.66)

1.18 (0.72–1.95)

1.04 (0.62–1.75)

1.10 (0.66–1.85)

 Kosovo

67

1.02 (0.63–1.66)

1.43 (0.85–2.40)

1.25 (0.73–2.14)

1.20 (0.70–2.07)

Emergency cesarean section

646 cases

 Norway

6826

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^c

 Somalia

278

1.70 (1.19–2.41)

2.63 (1.82–3.80)

1.90 (1.24–2.89)

1.81 (1.17–2.80)

 Iraq

166

1.14 (0.68–1.93)

1.53 (0.90–2.61)

1.26 (0.71–2.22)

1.34 (0.75–2.38)

 Afghanistan

71

0.64 (0.23–1.76)

0.88 (0.32–2.45)

0.71 (0.25–2.01)

0.74 (0.26–2.11)

 Kosovo

67

0.86 (0.35–2.16)

1.22 (0.48–3.09)

0.98 (0.38–2.53)

0.98 (0.37–2.62)

Postterm birth^g

703 cases

 Norway

6801

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Somalia

270

1.81 (1.30–2.54)

2.29 (1.62–3.24)

1.93 (1.29–2.90)

 Iraq

162

0.50 (0.24–1.02)

0.59 (0.29–1.22)

0.55 (0.26–1.16)

 Afghanistan

68

0.29 (0.07–1.19)

0.35 (0.09–1.44)

0.33 (0.08–1.37)

 Kosovo

67

1.12 (0.51–2.45)

1.38 (0.62–3.05)

1.24 (0.54–2.82)

Meconium-stained liquor

1256 cases

 Norway

6826

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^a

 Somalia

278

2.60 (2.01–3.36)

2.93 (2.25–3.83)

2.40 (1.76–3.26)

2.39 (1.76–3.25)

 Iraq

166

1.33 (0.91–1.95)

1.44 (0.98–2.13)

1.22 (0.81–1.85)

1.23 (0.81–1.86)

 Afghanistan

71

1.16 (0.63–2.12)

1.26 (0.68–2.32)

1.06 (0.56–1.98)

1.05 (0.56–1.96)

 Kosovo

67

0.91 (0.46–1.78)

1.00 (0.51–1.98)

0.84 (0.42–1.69)

0.84 (0.42–1.70)

SGA^g

612 cases

 Norway

6801

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^d

 Somalia

270

3.70 (2.75–4.98)

4.57 (3.33–6.26)

3.50 (2.43–5.04)

3.97 (2.73–5.77)

 Iraq

162

2.16 (1.39–3.36)

2.37 (1.51–3.74)

2.05 (1.27–3.32)

2.21 (1.36–3.60)

 Afghanistan

68

2.66 (1.42–4.99)

2.78 (1.46–5.29)

2.41 (1.24–4.68)

2.77 (1.42–5.39)

 Kosovo

67

1.45 (0.66–3.18)

1.64 (0.74–3.64)

1.37 (0.60–3.10)

1.32 (0.58–3.03)

LGA^g

693 cases

 Norway

6801

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^e

 Somalia

270

0.35 (0.19–0.67)

0.31 (0.17–0.60)

0.33 (0.16–0.66)

0.32 (0.16–0.64)

 Iraq

162

0.35 (0.16–0.80)

0.36 (0.16–0.81)

0.35 (0.15–0.84)

0.35 (0.15–0.83)

 Afghanistan

68

0.28 (0.07–1.14)

0.31 (0.08–1.27)

0.30 (0.07–1.27)

0.30 (0.07–1.25)

 Kosovo

67

1.25 (0.59–2.62)

1.25 (0.59–2.66)

1.27 (0.56–2.89)

1.23 (0.54–2.80)

Birth weight^g,h

 Norway

6801

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference^f

 Somalia

270

−216 (−278 to –154)

−254 (−317 to –192)

−218 (−285 to –150)

−280 (−336 to –223)

 Iraq

162

−201 (−280 to –121)

−213 (−292 to –133)

−197 (−279 to –116)

−170 (−238 to –102)

 Afghanistan

68

−235 (−357 to –113)

−231 (−352 to –109)

−220 (−343 to –97)

−150 (−252 to –47)

 Kosovo

67

−59 (−182 to 64)

−78 (−200 to 44)

−55 (−179 to 69)

−45 (−148 to 58)