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Table 1 Comparison of background characteristics of immigrant women originating from four different conflict-zone countries with ethnic Norwegian women in a low-risk maternity ward in Norway (N = 7408)

From: Immigrants from conflict-zone countries: an observational comparison study of obstetric outcomes in a low-risk maternity ward in Norway

 

Norway

Somalia

Iraq

Afghanistan

Kosovo

 

n = 6826

n = 278

P-value*

n = 166

P-value*

n = 71

P-value*

n = 67

P-value*

Duration of residence in Norway prior birth, years, median (interquartile range)

32 (6)

6 (8)

<0.001†

5 (5)

<0.001†

2 (5)

<0.001†

6 (6)

<0.001†

 ≤1

–

60 (21.6)

 

37 (22.3)

 

22 (31.0)

 

15 (22.4)

 

 2–5

–

67 (24.1)

 

60 (36.1)

 

30 (42.3)

 

16 (23.9)

 

 6–10

–

87 (31.3)

 

47 (28.3)

 

16 (22.5)

 

23 (34.3)

 

 >10

6826 (100.0)

64 (23.0)

 

22 (13.3)

 

3 (4.2)

 

13 (19.4)

 

Maternal age, years, mean (SD)

31.8 (4.5)

28.8 (6.0)

<0.001§

28.0 (5.7)

<0.001§

26.4 (4.9)

<0.001§

27.6 (5.9)

<0.001§

 Teenage mothers (17–19 years)

24 (0.4)

10 (3.6)

<0.001‡

11 (6.6)

<0.001‡

3 (4.2)

0.003‡

3 (4.5)

0.002‡

Marital status

  

<0.001

 

0.003

 

0.408‡

 

<0.001‡

 Married/cohabiting

6482 (95.0)

180 (64.7)

 

149 (89.8)

 

66 (93.0)

 

55 (82.1)

 

 Single

344 (5.0)

98 (35.3)

 

17 (10.2)

 

5 (7.0)

 

12 (17.9)

 

Educational level

  

<0.001a,‡

 

<0.001a,‡

 

<0.001a,‡

 

<0.001a,‡

 <12 years

1905 (27.9)

192 (69.1)

 

89 (53.6)

 

43 (60.6)

 

35 (52.2)

 

 ≥12 years

4918 (72.0)

10 (3.6)

 

27 (16.3)

 

7 (9.9)

 

9 (13.4)

 

 Undocumented

3 (0.0)

76 (27.3)

 

50 (30.1)

 

21 (29.6)

 

23 (34.3)

 

Parity

  

<0.001

 

0.030

 

0.972

 

0.017

 Para 0

3543 (51.9)

72 (25.9)

 

72 (43.4)

 

37 (52.1)

 

25 (37.3)

 

 Para +1

3283 (48.1)

206 (74.1)

 

94 (56.6)

 

34 (47.9)

 

42 (62.7)

 

Previous stillbirthb

12 (0.4)

4 (1.9)

0.012‡

0

1.000‡

0

1.000‡

0

1.000‡

Previous cesarean sectionb

512 (15.6)

41 (19.9)

0.101

8 (8.5)

0.061

4 (11.8)

0.540

4 (9.5)

0.280

Health issues before pregnancyc

1369 (20.1)

20 (7.2)

<0.001

23 (13.9)

0.048

7 (9.9)

0.032

9 (13.4)

0.177

Health issues during pregnancyd

999 (14.6)

46 (16.5)

0.378

21 (12.7)

0.474

6 (8.5)

0.142

3 (4.5)

0.019

 Diabetes mellitus type 2 or gestational diabetes

51 (0.7)

6 (2.2)

0.023‡

3 (1.8)

0.136‡

1 (1.4)

0.417‡

2 (3.0)

0.094‡

 Anemia (hemoglobin level <9 g/dL)

59 (0.9)

31 (11.2)

<0.001‡

7 (4.2)

0.001‡

4 (5.6)

0.004‡

0

1.000‡

Twin birth

59 (0.9)

2 (0.7)

1.000‡

3 (1.8)

0.182‡

0

1.000‡

1 (1.5)

0.455‡

Cigarette smokinge

         

 Start of pregnancy

692 (10.1)

7 (2.5)

<0.001

2 (1.2)

<0.001

1 (1.4)

0.015

8 (11.9)

0.627

 End of pregnancy

205 (3.0)

5 (1.8)

0.245

1 (0.6)

0.097

0

0.276

6 (9.0)

0.016

  1. Data are presented as n (%) unless indicated otherwise
  2. *P-value is in reference to Norwegian women
  3. †Mann-Whitney U test, ‡Fisher Exact test, §One-Way ANOVA test, otherwise Pearson’s χ2 test is used
  4. aχ2 test for trends, P-value for all including categories
  5. bAnalyses include only women who were para 1 + 
  6. cIncluding any of these: Asthma, chronic hypertension, chronic kidney disease, recurrent urinary tract infection, rheumatoid arthritis, heart condition, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, thyroid condition
  7. dRegistered any of these health issues during pregnancy: Bleeding, hypertension, eclampsia, preeclampsia, HELLP, anemia, rubella disease, venereal disease
  8. eThose who were willing to provide information