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Table 5 Odds ratiosa of birth outcomes in relation to group (symptom-free (SF), nausea only (NP), and nausea and vomiting (NVP))

From: Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes among women experiencing nausea only or nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

 

Crude

Adjustedd

Outcome

Group

n (%)b

cOR (95 % CI)c

P value

aOR (95 % CI)

P value

Emergency

SF

1220 (9.4)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

0.07

Caesarean delivery Preterm birth

NP

1413 (7.6)

0.79 (0.73–0.86)

0.91 (0.84–0.99)

NVP

1302 (8.4)

0.88 (0.81–0.96)

0.97 (0.90–1.06)

 

SF

751 (5.4)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

0.02

 

NP

879 (4.4)

0.81 (0.73–0.89)

0.86 (0.78–0.96)

 

NVP

800 (4.8)

0.88 (0.80–0.98)

0.91 (0.82–1.01)

Birth type (other presentations than normal cephalic)

SF

1372 (10.3)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

0.001

NP

1780 (9.3)

0.89 (0.82–0.96)

0.97 (0.90–1.04)

NVP

1363 (8.5)

0.81 (0.75–0.87)

0.87 (0.80–0.94)

Apgar score after 5 min (<7)e

 

Male infants

SF

124 (1.6)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

0.006

 

NP

93 (0.9)

0.56 (0.43–0.73)

 

0.65 (0.49–0.85)

 

NVP

90 (1.1)

0.69 (0.53–0.90)

 

0.75 (0.57–0.99)

Female infants

SF

68 (1.1)

1.00

<0.05

1.00

0.03

 

NP

120 (1.2)

1.13 (0.84–1.52)

1.26 (0.93–1.70)

 

NVP

74 (0.9)

0.78 (0.56–1.09)

0.85 (0.61–1.19)

Low birth weight

SF

339 (2.5)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

0.001

 

NP

326 (1.7)

0.66 (0.57–0.77)

0.73 (0.60–0.88)f

 

NVP

305 (1.9)

0.74 (0.64–0.87)

0.72 (0.60–0.88)f

Small for gestational age

SF

1657 (12.0)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

<0.001

(SGA)

NP

1908 (9.6)

0.78 (0.73–0.84)

 

0.78 (0.73–0.84)g

 

NVP

1694 (10.2)

0.84 (0.78–0.90)

 

0.87 (0.81–0.93)g

Birth defects

SF

674 (4.9)

1.00

0.24

1.00

0.15

 

NP

1022 (5.1)

1.06 (0.96–1.17)

 

1.10 (1.00–1.22)

 
 

NVP

791 (4.8)

0.98 (0.88–1.09)

 

1.03 (0.93–1.15)

 

Gender of infant

SF

6212 (45.0)

1.00

<0.001

1.00

<0.001

(female)

NP

9736 (49.0)

1.18 (1.13–1.23)

1.18 (1.13–1.23)h

 

NVP

8625 (52.1)

1.33 (1.27–1.39)

1.34 (1.28–1.40)h

  1. aOR, odds ratio, logistic regression analysis
  2. bNumber (%) of women with outcome
  3. cCI, confidence interval
  4. dAdjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking during pregnancy, parity, education, and gender
  5. eSignificant interaction between Apgar score after 5 min (<7) and gender of infant (P = 0.001)
  6. fAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking during pregnancy, parity, education, gender, gestational length, and energy intake
  7. gAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking during pregnancy, education, and gender
  8. hAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking during pregnancy, parity, and education