Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants (N = 171); The B.A.B.Y. Study, 2007-2012
| Â | Total population | Exercise | Health & wellness | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | (N = 171) | (N = 84) | (N = 87) | ||||
| Â | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Sociodemographic Variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Age (years) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   16 to 19 | 24 | 14.0 | 14 | 16.7 | 10 | 11.5 | 0.49 |
   20 to 24 | 63 | 36.8 | 33 | 39.3 | 30 | 34.5 |  |
   25 to 29 | 38 | 22.2 | 15 | 17.9 | 23 | 26.4 |  |
    ≥30 | 46 | 26.9 | 22 | 26.2 | 24 | 27.6 |  |
  Ethnicity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Hispanic | 98 | 57.3 | 47 | 56.0 | 51 | 58.6 | 0.84 |
   Non-Hispanic | 73 | 42.7 | 37 | 44.0 | 36 | 41.4 |  |
  Education |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
    <High School | 38 | 22.2 | 22 | 26.2 | 16 | 18.4 | 0.17 |
   High School Graduate | 52 | 30.4 | 24 | 28.6 | 28 | 32.2 |  |
    >High School | 68 | 39.8 | 35 | 41.7 | 33 | 37.9 |  |
   Missing | 13 | 7.6 | 3 | 3.6 | 10 | 11.5 |  |
  Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
    <$15,000 | 68 | 40.0 | 32 | 38.6 | 36 | 41.4 | 0.04 |
    >$15,000-$30,000 | 24 | 14.1 | 16 | 19.3 | 8 | 9.2 |  |
    >$30,000 | 37 | 21.8 | 14 | 16.9 | 23 | 26.4 |  |
   Don’t know/refused/missing | 41 | 24.1 | 21 | 25.3 | 20 | 23.0 |  |
  Marital Status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Single | 121 | 70.8 | 59 | 70.2 | 62 | 71.3 | 0.52 |
   Married | 48 | 28.1 | 25 | 29.8 | 23 | 26.4 |  |
   Refused/missing | 2 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.3 |  |
  Living With Spouse/Partner |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Yes | 104 | 60.8 | 55 | 65.5 | 49 | 56.3 | 0.18 |
   No | 55 | 32.2 | 26 | 31.0 | 29 | 33.3 |  |
   Missing | 12 | 7.0 | 3 | 3.6 | 9 | 10.3 |  |
  Adults in Household (≥18 yrs)a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   1 | 33 | 19.3 | 11 | 13.1 | 22 | 25.3 | 0.01 |
   2 | 85 | 49.7 | 46 | 54.8 | 39 | 44.8 |  |
    ≥3 | 44 | 25.7 | 26 | 31.0 | 18 | 20.7 |  |
   Missing | 9 | 5.3 | 1 | 1.2 | 8 | 9.2 |  |
  Children in Household (<18 yrs)a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   0 | 42 | 24.6 | 26 | 31.0 | 16 | 18.4 | 0.04 |
   1 | 62 | 36.3 | 32 | 38.1 | 30 | 34.5 |  |
   2 | 44 | 25.7 | 20 | 23.8 | 24 | 27.6 |  |
    ≥3 | 17 | 9.9 | 6 | 7.1 | 11 | 12.6 |  |
   Missing | 6 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 6.9 |  |
Medical History Variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Prepregnancy BMI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
    <30 kg/m2 | 77 | 45.0 | 35 | 41.7 | 42 | 48.3 | 0.39 |
    >30 kg/m2 | 94 | 55.0 | 49 | 58.3 | 45 | 51.7 |  |
  Previous GDM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Yes | 18 | 10.5 | 7 | 8.3 | 11 | 12.6 | 0.3 |
   No | 136 | 79.5 | 66 | 78.6 | 70 | 80.5 |  |
   Missing | 17 | 9.9 | 11 | 13.1 | 6 | 6.9 |  |
  Family History of Diabetes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Yes | 157 | 91.8 | 76 | 90.5 | 81 | 93.1 | 0.52 |
   No | 3 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.3 |  |
   Missing | 11 | 6.4 | 7 | 8.3 | 4 | 4.6 |  |
Behavioral Variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Prepregnancy Smoking Status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   None | 132 | 77.2 | 65 | 77.4 | 67 | 77.0 | 0.95 |
    <10 cigarettes/day | 17 | 9.9 | 9 | 10.7 | 8 | 9.2 |  |
    >10 cigarettes/day | 2 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.1 |  |
   Missing | 20 | 11.7 | 9 | 10.7 | 11 | 12.6 |  |
  Current Smoking Status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   None | 110 | 64.3 | 53 | 63.1 | 57 | 65.5 | 0.18 |
    <10 cigarettes/day | 39 | 22.8 | 21 | 25.0 | 18 | 20.7 |  |
    >10 cigarettes/day | 10 | 5.8 | 7 | 8.3 | 3 | 3.4 |  |
   Missing | 12 | 7.0 | 3 | 3.6 | 9 | 10.3 |  |