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Table 1 Explanatory variables and their distribution in the sample

From: How do Malawian women rate the quality of maternal and newborn care? Experiences and perceptions of women in the central and southern regions

Variable

ANC (N = 388)

Delivery (N = 230)

PNC (N = 230)

 

N

%

N

%

N

%

Woman's age

      

<20

91

23.45

41

20.2

47

20.43

20-29

205

52.84

118

58.13

132

57.39

≥30

92

23.71

44

21.67

51

22.17

Woman's marital status

      

Unmarried

9

2.32

14

6.9

13

5.65

Married

379

97.68

189

93.1

217

94.35

Woman's religion

      

Non-Christian

35

14.18

25

12.32

48

20.87

Christian

335

85.82

178

87.68

182

79.13

Woman's literacy

      

Illiterate

131

33.76

69

33.99

89

38.7

Literate

257

66.24

134

66.01

141

61.3

Woman's wealth

      

1-Poorest

98

25.26

51

25.12

58

25.22

2

97

25

54

26.6

57

24.78

3

96

24.74

48

23.65

58

25.22

4-Least poor

97

25

50

24.63

57

24.78

Parity

      

1

121

31.19

66

32.51

76

33.04

2-3

135

34.79

74

36.45

86

37.39

>3

132

34.02

63

31.03

68

29.57

Number of children

      

No child

137

35.31

0

0

0

0

1-3 children

189

48.71

149

73.4

178

77.39

>3 children

62

15.98

54

26.6

52

22.61

History of miscarriage

      

No miscarriage

333

85.82

180

88.67

198

86.09

Had miscarriage

55

14.18

23

11.33

32

13.91

History of still birth

      

No stillbirth

371

95.62

197

97.04

221

96.09

Had still birth

17

4.38

6

2.96

9

3.91

History of Premature birth

      

No premature birth

365

94.07

191

94.09

215

93.48

Had premature birth

23

5.93

12

5.91

15

6.52

Number of ANC visits

      

First visit

181

46.65

NA

NA

NA

NA

>1 visit

207

53.35

NA

NA

NA

NA

Method of delivery

      

Vaginal

NA

NA

190

94.53

NA

NA

C-section

NA

NA

7

3.48

NA

NA

Vacuum/forceps

NA

NA

4

1.99

NA

NA

Number of ANC visits at delivery

      

0-3 ANC visits

NA

NA

122

60.4

NA

NA

>3 ANC visits

NA

NA

80

39.6

NA

NA

Length of stay before delivery

      

0-2 days

NA

NA

170

83.74

NA

NA

≥2 days

NA

NA

33

16.26

NA

NA

Length of stay after delivery

      

0-1 day

NA

NA

120

59.11

NA

NA

≥1 day

NA

NA

83

40.89

NA

NA

Mode of transportation

      

Walked

232

59.79

66

32.51

154

66.96

Motorized transportation

156

40.21

137

67.49

76

33.04

Wait time

      

≤1 hour

298

76.8

181

89.16

179

77.83

>1 hour

90

23.2

22

10.84

51

22.17

Self introduction by HW

      

Not done

231

59.54

142

69.95

129

56.09

Done

157

40.46

61

30.05

101

43.91

Explanation of exam procedures (ANC, n = 380; Delivery, n = 121; PNC, n = 168)

      

Not explained

95

25.00

13

10.74

55

32.74

Explained

285

75.00

108

89.26

113

67.26

Explanation of medicine purpose & how to take (ANC, n = 366; Delivery, n = 167; PNC, n = 108)

      

Not explained

63

17.21

61

36.53

22

20.37

Explained

303

82.79

106

63.47

86

79.63

Explanation of blood specimen purpose (ANC, n = 267; Delivery, n = 85; PNC, n = 53)

      

Not explained

20

7.49

23

27.06

6

11.32

Explained

247

92.51

62

72.94

47

88.68

Consent seeking (ANC, n = 384; Delivery, n = 201; PNC, n = 183)

      

Not sought

104

27.08

82

40.8

63

34.43

Sought

280

72.92

119

59.2

120

65.57

Encouragement to ask questions

      

Not encouraged

143

36.86

123

60.59

100

43.48

Encouraged

245

63.14

80

39.41

130

56.52

Encouraged to have a guardian

      

Not encouraged

180

46.39

101

49.75

107

46.52

Encouraged

208

53.61

102

50.25

123

53.48

Confidentiality

      

Not kept

24

6.19

17

8.37

30

13.04

Kept

364

93.81

186

91.63

200

86.96

Bp measurement ANC & PNC

      

Not taken

147

37.89

NA

NA

133

57.83

Taken

241

62.11

NA

NA

97

42.17

Bp measurement before delivery

      

Not taken

NA

NA

76

37.44

NA

NA

Taken

NA

NA

127

62.56

NA

NA

Bp measurement after delivery

      

Not taken

NA

NA

116

57.15

NA

NA

Taken

NA

NA

87

42.86

NA

NA

Baby weight measurement

      

Not taken

NA

NA

NA

NA

52

22.61

Taken

NA

NA

NA

NA

178

77.39

  1. NA in all field of a cell means that this variable does not apply for the respective service