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Table 2 Comparison of marital, social and psychological risk factors between women with and without postpartum depression

From: Sociodemographic and clinical features of postpartum depression among Turkish women: a prospective study

 

PPD group (EPDS ≥ 13)

No PPD (EPDS < 13)

t/ χ 2 Value

P value

Relative Risk Odds ratio

CI

Prenatal depression Score a

11.97 (4,98)

9.64 (4.70)

−3.57

0,000*

1,70

0,99-2,90

Satisfaction level about the pregnancy period b

2.28(1.24)

2.81(1.17)

3.80

0.000*

0,69

0,57-0,84

Suicidal Thoughts in Pregnancy

      

Yes

6 (54.5)

5 (45.5)

13.13

0,003*

6.99

2.08-23.49

No

77 (14.6)

449 (85.4)

    

Hyperemesis n (%)

      

Yes

5 (10.4)

43(89.6)

0,43

0.32

0,62

0.23-1.60

No

75(15.9)

397(84.1)

    

Planned pregnancy n (%)

      

Yes

60 (14)

370 (86)

3,72

0.05*

1,69

0.98-2.88

No

23 (21.5)

84 (78.5)

    

Anomaly in Newborn n (%)

      

Yes

2 (13.3)

13 (86.7)

0,04

0,83

0,85

0,19-3,85

No

80 (15.3)

444 (84.7)

    

Satisfaction with the gender n (%)

      

Yes

57 (14.7)

348 (85.9)

1,23

0.26

1,37

0.78-2.40

No

20 (18.3)

220 (84.9)

    

Violence in pregnancy n (%)

      

Yes

10 (50)

10 (50)

19,46

0.001*

6.20

2.49-15.45

No

71 (13.9)

441 (86.1)

    

Postpartum Violence n (%)

      

Yes

7 (50)

7 (50)

13,08

0.001*

5.87

2.00-17.20

No

76 (14.6)

446 (85.4)

    

Past PPD History

      

Yes

6 (54.5)

5(46.5)

13,41

0.001*

6.64

2.11-20.81

No

39 (14.4)

222 (85.6)

    

Past Psychiatric History

      

Yes

9(39.1)

14 (60.9)

11,63

0.001*

4.16

1.72-10.05

No

75 (15.9)

389 (86.6)

    

PMS History

      

Yes

39(21.1)

144 (78.7)

8,56

0.003*

2.05

1.25-3.33

No

39 (11.7)

295 (88.3)

    

Infant Death

      

Alive

82(15.4)

451(86.1)

0,706

0.70

0,917

0.109-7.71

Death

1(14.3)

6(85.7)

    

Breast Feeding

      

Yes

78 (15)

442 (85)

0,090

0,48

1.21

0,34-4,32

No

3 (17.6)

14 (82.4)

    
  1. aAs measured by Hospital Depression Scale; bin a Likert type scale; 1- ‘not satisfied at all’ to 5- ‘very satisfied’ *: statistically significant p < 0.05. Abbreviations: CI Confidence Interval, PPD Postpartum depression, SD Standard Deviation, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.