Attendance and outcomes (categorical) | Non-HSC (%) | HSC (%) | χ 2p-value | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Late first pregnancy care visit (>2008, 30 missing) | 36/65 (55.4) | 244/374 (65.2) | 0.13 | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.6) n = 439 | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.6) n = 435 |
Poor/no pregnancy care attendance | 5 (2.3) | 58 (5.1) | 0.08 | 2.2 (0.9 to 5.6) | 2.9 (0.7 to 12.6) |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 25 (11.7) | 46 (4.0) | <0.01 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 0.5 (0.3 to 1.2) |
Pre-eclampsia | 3 (1.4) | 23 (2.0) | 0.79 | 1.4 (0.4 to 4.8) | 1.4a (0.4 to 4.6) n = 1361 |
Antepartum haemorrhage | 6 (2.8) | 16 (1.4) | 0.14 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.3) | 0.5b (0.2 to 1.3) n = 1361 |
Unplanned birth before hospital arrival | 0 | 41 (3.6) | Â | Â | Â |
Non-cephalic presentation (ex 6 unknown) | 12/214 (5.6) | 27/1141 (2.4) | 0.01 | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8) n = 1355 | 0.4c (0.2 to 0.8) n = 1355 |
Induced labour (ex 96 no labour) | 46/176 (26.1) | 181/1089 (16.6) | <0.01 | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) n = 1265 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) n = 892 |
Analgesia in labour (>2008, ex no labour, 1 missing) | 34/45 (75.6) | 178/383 (46.5) | <0.01 | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6) n = 428 | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.0) n = 425 |
Caesarean section | 69 (32.2) | 181 (15.8) | <0.01 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7) |
Assisted vaginal birth (vaginal births) | 32/145 (22.1) | 63/966 (6.5) | <0.01 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) n = 1111 | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8) n = 780 |
Episiotomy (vaginal births) | 32/145 (22.1) | 141/966 (14.6) | 0.02 | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) n = 1111 | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) n = 780 |
3rd/4th degree tears (vaginal births) | 2/145 (1.4) | 26/966 (2.7) | 0.57 | 2.0 (0.5 to 8.4) n = 1111 | 2.4b (0.6 to 10.6) n = 1111 |
Postpartum haemorrhage | 2 (0.9) | 3 (0.3) | 0.18 | Â | Â |
Mother requiring high dependency care (6 missing) | 0/214 | 13/1141 (1.1) | Â | Â | Â |
Preterm birth | 8 (3.7) | 58 (5.1) | 0.41 | 1.4 (0.6 to 2.9) | 1.0 (0.3 to 2.8) |
Post-term birth | 4 (1.9) | 53 (4.6) | 0.07 | 2.5 (0.9 to 7.1) | 2.0d (0.7 to 5.8) n = 1359 |
Foetal abnormality | 2 (0.9) | 14 (1.2) | 1.00 | 1.3 (0.3 to 5.8) | Â |
Stillbirth | 3 (1.4) | 18 (1.6) | 1.00 | 1.1 (0.3 to 3.8) | 0.9a (0.3 to 3.2) n = 1361 |
Low birth weighte | 4/211 (1.9) | 42/1129 (3.7) | 0.18 | 2.0 (0.7 to 5.6) n = 1340 | 2.6d (0.8 to 8.7) n = 1338 |
Apgar score <7e (5 min) (10 missing) | 2/211 (1.0) | 21/1119 (1.9) | 0.56 | 2.0 (0.5 to 8.6) n = 1330 | 1.9a (0.4 to 8.4) n = 1330 |
Admission to special or intensive neonatal care (3 missing) | 35/210 (16.7) | 149/1127 (13.2) | 0.18 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) n = 1337 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) n = 947 |
Pregnancy outcomes (continuous) | Non-HSC | HSC | p-value | Crude β co-efficient (95%CI) | Adjusted β co-efficient (95% CI) |
Median (IQR) maternal length of stay (days) | 3.1 (1.9) | 2.4 (1.7) | <0.01 | −0.14 (−0.23 to −0.06)f | −0.06 (−0.16 to 0.04)f |
Median (IQR) neonatal length of staye (days) (2 missing) | 2.8 (2.1) n = 210 | 2.2 (1.6) n = 1128 | <0.01 | −0.15 (−0.26 to −0.05)f n = 1338 | −0.09 (−0.22 to 0.04)f n = 948 |
Median (IQR) gestation at birth (weeks) | 39.6 (1.9) | 39.6 (1.9) | 0.57 | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01)f | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02)f |
Mean ± SD birth weighte (grams) | 3371.2 (±465.9) n = 211 | 3302.0 (±484.9) n = 1129 | 0.06 | −69.23 (−140.15 to 1.67) n = 1340 | 26.30 (−62.37 to 114.96) n = 949 |