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Table 1 Demographics characteristics of women born in African non-humanitarian and humanitarian source countries

From: Maternal health and pregnancy outcomes among women of refugee background from African countries: a retrospective, observational study in Australia

 

North Africa

Middle and East Africa

West Africa

Maternal health and wellbeing

Non-HSC group (%)

HSC group (%)

χ 2p-value

Non-HSC group (%)

HSC group (%)

χ 2p-value

Non-HSC group (%)

HSC group (%)

χ 2p-value

Age <20 years

3 (1.4)

77 (6.7)

<0.01

6 (1.0)

2 (2.3)

0.26

0

6 (13.3)

-

Age ≥35 years

42 (19.6)

190 (16.6)

0.27

138 (22.3)

23 (26.4)

0.39

21 (34.4)

2 (4.4)

<0.01

≥1 previous birth at ≥20 weeks gestation (multiparous)

133 (62.2)

919 (80.1)

<0.01

349 (56.4)

61 (70.1)

0.02

41 (67.2)

31 (68.9)

0.86

BMI < 18.5 (>2007, 30 missing data)

1/90 (1.1)

33/529 (6.2)

0.05

12/309 (3.9)

2/37 (5.4)

0.65

1/30 (3.3)

0/31

-

BMI ≥ 25.0 (>2007, 30 missing data)

68/90 (75.6)

232/529 (43.9)

<0.01

177/309 (57.3)

19/37 (51.4)

0.49

19/30 (63.3)

19/31 (61.3)

0.87

High relative socio-economic disadvantage (IRSD) (10 missing data)

73/212 (34.4)

762/1147 (66.4)

<0.01

228/611 (37.3)

46/87 (52.9)

<0.01

16 (26.2)

35 (77.8)

<0.01

Interpreter required (>2007, 34 missing data)

21/88 (23.9)

273/530 (51.5)

<0.01

2/305 (0.7)

15/37 (40.5)

<0.01

0

3/31 (9.7)

-

Married/de facto (174 missing data)

182/187 (97.3)

916/1101 (83.2)

<0.01

484/532 (91.0)

62/79 (78.5)

<0.01

55/57 (96.5)

29/43 (67.4)

<0.01

Female genital mutilation (FGM)

1 (0.5)

58 (5.1)

<0.01

2 (0.3)

12 (13.8)

<0.01

2 (3.3)

3 (6.7)

0.65

Previous caesarean section (multiparous only)

39/133 (29.3)

139/919 (15.1)

<0.01

97/349 (27.8)

15/61 (24.6)

0.60

13/41 (31.7)

4/31 (12.9)

0.06

Anemia

12 (5.6)

88 (7.7)

0.29

30 (4.9)

4 (4.6)

1.00

8 (13.1)

0

-

Vitamin D deficiency (>2008)

14/65 (21.5)

110/404 (27.2)

0.33

54/619 (8.7)

7/30 (23.3)

0.01

7/61 (11.5)

8/25 (32.0)

0.02

Syphilis

0

86 (7.5)

-

2 (0.3)

1 (1.2)

0.33

0

1 (2.2)

-

Hepatitis B

0

90 (7.9)

-

7 (1.1)

1 (1.2)

1.00

0

8 (17.8)

-

Hepatitis C

0

23 (2.0)

-

1 (0.2)

0

-

0

0

-

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

0

3 (0.3)

-

2 (0.3)

0

-

0

0

-

  1. Data are presented as count (proportions). HSC: humanitarian source countries; BMI: body mass index; IRSD: Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage.
  2. Except where specified, North African non-HSC group n = 214, North African HSC group n = 1147, Middle and East African non-HSC group n = 619, Middle and East African HSC group n = 87, West African non-HSC group n = 61 and West African HSC group n = 45.