Table 5 Within group comparison for the RCT (universal population)

Depression

CES-D depression

14.42 (10.05)

12.08 (4.17)

2.33 (−4.60, 9.27)

0.74 (11)

0.47

13.70 (8.00)

10.10 (8.72)

3.60 (−1.40, 8.60)

1.62 (9)

0.14

DASS depression

7.23 (6.66)

4.31 (3.64)

2.92 (−1.16, 7.01)

1.56 (12)

0.15

8.00 (11.20)

5.60 (8.32)

2.40 (−1.91, 6.71)

1.26 (9)

0.24

Anxiety

STAI state anxiety

35.92 (14.11)

32.83 (7.08)

3.08 (−7.02, 13.19)

0.67 (11)

0.52

34.78 (11.51)

33.00 (12.78)

1.78 (6.55, 6.82)

0.81 (8)

0.44

DASS anxiety

8.62 (7.72)

4.62 (3.95)

4.00 (0.69, 7.31)

2.63 (12)

0.02

7.00 (8.34)

4.80 (5.90)

2.2 (−0.92, 5.32)

1.59 (9)

0.15

Stress

PSS stress

17.92 (7.14)

16.54 (6.12)

1.38 (−4.16, 6.93)

0.54 (12)

0.60

16.90 (7.08)

14.40 (8.41)

2.50 (−1.38, 6.38)

1.46 (9)

0.18

DASS stress

16.15 (11.27)

12.92 (5.01)

3.23 (−3.74, 10.20)

1.01 (12)

0.33

13.40 (10.79)

9.00 (4.92)

4.40 (−2.89, 11.69)

1.37 (9)

0.20

Mindfulness

Nonreactivity

20.58 (6.73)

21.83 (4.45)

−1.25 (−4.89, 2.39)

−0.76 (11)

0.47

19.70 (5.25)

19.80 (4.78)

−0.10 (−1.83, 1.63)

−0.13 (9)

0.90

Observing

24.67 (5.25)

29.92 (4.54)

−5.25 (−8.50, −2.00)

−3.55 (11)

<0.001

24.80 (7.08)

25.50 (7.28)

−0.70 (−4.82, 3.42)

−0.38 (9)

0.71

Act with awareness

25.75 (5.79)

27.17 (4.00)

−1.42 (−4.91, 2.08)

−0.90 (11)

0.39

25.90 (6.38)

27.00 (2.98)

−1.10 (−4.71, 2.51)

−0.69 (9)

0.51

Describing

26.38 (6.79)

28.62 (6.59)

−2.23 (−4.16, −0.30)

−2.52 (12)

0.03

31.20 (5.18)

31.40 (5.48)

−0.20 (−2.33, 1.93)

−0.21 (9)

0.84

Nonjudging

25.25 (7.06)

27.58 (5.20)

−2.33 (−7.16, 2.49)

−1.06 (11)

0.31

24.90 (3.41)

29.80 (5.12)

−4.9 (−10.11, 0.31)

−2.13 (9)

0.06

Full scale

121.55 (23.65)

134.55 (20.55)

−13.0 (−27.79, 1.79)

−1.96 (10)

0.07

126.50 (15.77)

133.50 (12.43)

−7.0 (−15.53, 1.53)

−1.86 (9)

0.10