From: Reducing stillbirths: screening and monitoring during pregnancy and labour
Source | Location and Type of Study | Intervention | Stillbirths/Perinatal Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Reviews and meta-analyses | |||
Tan and Smyth 2001 [102] | Australia, USA, Mexico, Greece, Turkey, Thailand. Meta-analysis (Cochrane). 8 RCTs included (N = 4838 women). | Compared the impact of fetal vibratory acoustic stimulation (intervention) vs. mock or no stimulation (controls). | Non-reactive antenatal cardiotocography test (7 RCTs): RR = 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52–0.74) [176/2244 vs. 286/2239 in intervention vs. control groups, respectively.] PMR (2 RCTs): RR = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.01–7.78) [NS] [0/476 vs. 1/464 in intervention vs. control groups, respectively]. |
Intervention studies | |||
Papadopoulos et al. 2007 [103] | Greece. RCT. Pregnant women (N = 2833). | Compared the effect of vibroacoustic stimulation with a 3-s stimulus with an artificial larynx (repeated if BPP remained abnormal for 30 min; intervention) vs. no stimulation (controls). | Fetal death (miscarriage+SB): 10/1349 (0.74%) vs. 9/1484 (0.6%) in intervention vs. control groups, respectively [NS] |
Petrovic 1998. [178] | Croatia. RCT. Singleton pregnancies (N = 494; N = 168 intervention, N = 326 controls). Groups were monitored using the modified BPP; given vibroacoustic stimulation in absence of fetal activity at the start of the BPP. | Compared the impact of vibroacoustic stimulation (intervention) vs. no stimulation (controls). | SBR: 2/168 vs. 4/326 in intervention vs. control groups, respectively. |
Sood 2007 [104] | India. RCT. Singleton high-risk pregnancies (N = 214). | Compared the effect of vibroacoustic stimulation (intervention) vs. mock stimulation (controls). Both arms also had modified BPP conducted. | PMR: OR = 0.62 (95% CI: 0.05–5.57) [NS] [2/110 (1.8%) vs. 3/104 (2.9%) in intervention vs. control groups, respectively. |
Observational studies | |||
Salamalekis et al. 1994 [179] | Greece. Case series. High-risk pregnancies (N = 180). | Compared the association with fetal deaths of reactive (study group) vs. non reactive (controls) NST results for tests conducted 24 hrs before delivery. | Fetal death (miscarriage+SB): 1 (0.67%) vs. 2 (6.25%) in intervention vs. control groups, respectively. |