From: Reducing stillbirths: behavioural and nutritional interventions before and during pregnancy
Source | Location and Type of Study | Intervention | Stillbirths/Perinatal Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Reviews and meta-analyses | |||
Hodnett and Fredericks. 2003 [70] | France, Australia, USA, South Africa, England, Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico. Meta-analysis (Cochrane). 11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (N = 9507 women) included. | Compared additional support during pregnancies at risk of low birth weight by either a professional (social worker, midwife, or nurse) or specially trained layperson, to routine care. Additional support included emotional support, information/advice, and physical help. | PMR: RR = 1.15 (95% CI: 0.89–1.51) [NS]a |
Gagnon and Sandall. 2007 [71] | Canada, USA. Cochrane review. 1 RCT (N = 1280 women) included (N = 641 intervention group, N = 634 controls). | As part of a strategy to define predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors for deciding to attempt a vaginal birth after Caesarean (VBAC), the study compared pregnancy outcomes among an intervention group given individualised prenatal education and support by a trained research nurse and a resource person with personal experience of a VBAC to a group of controls given a pamphlet highlighting the benefits of a VBAC. | PMR: RR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.09–2.69) [NS] [2/643 vs. 4/637 in intervention group vs. controls, respectively] |
Villar et al. 2001 [65] | Scotland, UK. Meta-analysis (Cochrane). 2 RCTs (N = 2890 low-risk women) included. | To assess the effects of ANC programs for low-risk women, particularly whether care provided by a midwife/general practitioner was as effective as obstetrician/gynecologist-led shared care. | PMR: Odds ratio (OR) = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.28–1.26) [NS] |
Carroli and Villar 2001 [57] | Multiple countries. Meta-analysis (World Health Organization, WHO). 7 RCTs (N = 57,418 women) included (N = 30,799 in intervention groups, N = 26,619 in standard ANC groups). 5 RCTs reported perinatal mortality (N = 54,005 women). | To test the impact of a reduced number of ANC visits, with or without goal-oriented components, on perinatal mortality against standard ANC. | PMR: OR = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.82–1.36) [NS] |