Table 5 Impact of smoking cessation on stillbirth and perinatal mortality
From: Reducing stillbirths: behavioural and nutritional interventions before and during pregnancy
Source | Location and Type of Study | Intervention/Study objectives | Stillbirths/Perinatal Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Reviews and meta-analyses | |||
Lumley et al. 2004 [33] | UK, Ireland, USA. Meta-analysis (Cochrane). 6 RCTs included. | To assess the effects of smoking cessation programs implemented during pregnancy (intervention) vs. standard care/no program (controls). | SBR: RR = 1.16 [NS] [data from 5 RCTs; 35/2261 vs. 30/2264 in intervention and control groups, respectively]. PMR: RR = 1.13 [NS] [data from 3 RCTs; 41/2149 vs. 36/2186 in intervention and control groups, respectively]. |
Observational studies | |||
Chun-Fai-Chan et al. 2005 [43] | UK. Prospective cohort study. N = 269; N = 136 bupropion treatment vs. nonteratogen (N = 133) treatment. | To assess the impact of bupropion compared with a nonteratogenic smoking cessation aid on stillbirth rate. | SBR: 1/136 vs. 0/133 in bupropion vs. nonteratogen groups, respectively [NS]. |
Strandberg-Larsen et al. 2008 [45] | Denmark. Danish National Birth Cohort. Prospective cohort study. N = 87, 032 singleton pregnancies (N = 1927 NRT users, 85,105 non-users) | Compared the impact on stillbirths of NRT use during pregnancy (exposed) vs. non-users (unexposed). | SBR: crude HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.37–1.15) [NS]. [4.2/1000 vs. 5.7/1000 births among NRT users vs. non-users, respectively]. |