Table 2 Type and frequency of near-miss criteria in 763 near miss cases admitted to four hospitals in Serang and Pandeglang (November 2003 – October 2004)

Any cardiac dysfunction

   Pulmonary oedema

   Cardiac arrest

   Cardiac failure

Pulmonary embolism

Any vascular dysfunction

   Hypovolemia requiring 2 or more units of blood

   Blood loss with hypovolemic shock

   Infusion and/or transfusion of > = 1 litre per 2 hours

   Free flow infusion

   Massive haemorrhage recorded in notes

Immunological dysfunction

   Septic shock

Respiratory dysfunction

   Intubation or ventilation for reasons other than general anaesthesia

   Oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry < 90% leading to ventilation

Renal dysfunction

   Oliguria < 30 ml per hour or < 400 ml per 24 hours

   Shock not responsive to intravascular rehydration or diuresis

   Creatinine clearance test

   Haemodialysis

Liver dysfunction

   Jaundice in pre eclampsia

   Abnormal liver function tests

Coagulation dysfunction

   Acute thrombocytopenia

   Prolonged bleeding time

   Abnormal APTT or TT

   Coagulopathy

Any Cerebral dysfunction

   Coma

   Cerebral oedema

   Seizures other than eclampsia

MANAGEMENT BASED CRITERION

   Intensive care admission

   Emergency hysterectomy

   Needs resuscitation

   Anaesthetic accident

   Referral to tertiary hospital

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

   Eclampsia

   Uterine rupture

   Ectopic pregnancy