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Table 2 Most common psychotropic exposures (not exhaustive of all drug exposures—only medicines that were used by ≥ 0.1% of the study population)

From: Patterns of psychotropic medicine use in pregnancy in the United States from 2006 to 2011 among women with private insurance

Drug class

Number exposed during pregnancy

Conservative number exposed during pregnancy*

Number who filled more than 1 Rx during pregnancy

SSRI

17414 (5.1)

13379 (3.9)

11142 (3.3)

 Sertraline

8432 (2.5)

6936 (2.0)

5360 (1.6)

 Fluoxetine

3605 (1.1)

2694 (0.8)

2300 (0.7)

 Escitalopram

3481 (1.0)

2310 (0.7)

1951 (0.6)

 Citalopram

2295 (0.7)

2310 (0.7)

1246 (0.4)

Benzodiazepines (and benzo like)

13486 (3.9)

9399 (2.7)

4304 (1.3)

 Zolpidem

8239 (2.4)

7238 (2.1)

2676 (0.8)

 Alprazolam

2654 (0.8)

1288 (0.4)

893 (0.3)

 Diazepam

1884 (0.6)

384 (0.1)

178 (0.05)

 Lorazepam

1233 (0.4)

634 (0.2)

302 (0.1)

Other antidepressants

4019 (1.2)

2658 (0.8)

2164 (0.6)

 Bupropion

3399 (1.0)

2351 (0.7)

1925 (0.6)

 Trazodone

602 (0.2)

270 (0.1)

189 (0.1)

SNRIs

2382 (0.7)

1474 (0.4)

1377 (0.4)

 Venlafaxine

1398 (0.4)

936 (0.3)

875 (0.3)

 Duloxetine

795 (0.2)

449 (0.1)

416 (0.1)

 Desvenlafaxine

210 (0.1)

100 (0.03)

96 (0.03)

Typical antipsychotics

1573 (0.5)

712 (0.2)

274 (0.1)

 Prochlorperazine

1527 (0.4)

682 (0.2)

250 (0.1)

Other anxiolytics

1375 (0.4)

820 (0.2)

375 (0.1)

 Buspirone

745 (0.2)

520 (0.2)

288 (0.1)

 Scopolamine

535 (0.2)

248 (0.1)

56 (0.02)

Amphetamine

1291 (0.4)

657 (0.2)

633 (0.2)

Cyclic antidepressants

784 (0.2)

385 (0.1)

272 (0.1)

 Amitriptyline

490 (0.1)

239 (0.1)

162 (0.05)

 Nortriptyline

173 (0.1)

75 (0.02)

56 (0.02)

Atypical antipsychotics

742 (0.2)

465 (0.1)

397 (0.1)

 Quetiapine

363 (0.1)

228 (0.1)

191 (0.06)

  1. *Removes women who only filled one prescription in the first trimester.