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Table 3 Labour and delivery outcomes of women in the study

From: Pregnancy, prison and perinatal outcomes in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective cohort study using linked health data

  

Pregnancy in prison (ii)

  

Birth in prison

Birth outside prison

 

Prison controls (iii)

Community controls (iv)

  

n

%

n

%

P value (v)

n

%

P value (v)

n

%

P value (v)

Onset of labour

           
 

Spontaneous

64

64.6

156

77.6

0.5

866

71.0

0.5

24064

61.5

<0.0001

 

Induced

22

22.2

28

13.9

232

19.0

10116

25.9

 

No labour

13

13.1

17

8.5

122

10.0

4924

12.6

 

Missing/not stated

0

 

0

  

0

  

8

0.0

 
 

Total

99

100.0

201

100.0

 

1220

100.0

 

39112

100.0

 

Presentation at birth

           
 

Vertex

88

88.9

180

89.6

0.06

1118

91.6

0.9

35533

90.8

0.21

 

Non-vertex

10

10.1

8

4.0

64

5.2

1581

4.0

 

Missing/not stated

1

1.0

13

6.5

 

38

3.1

 

1998

5.1

 
 

Total

99

100.0

201

100.0

 

1220

100.0

 

39112

100.0

 

Method of birth

           
 

Normal vaginal

66

66.7

162

80.6

0.10

897

73.5

0.8

23669

60.5

<0.0001

 

Instrumental vaginal

2

2.0

11

5.5

67

5.5

5126

13.1

 

Caesarean section

28

28.3

25

12.4

243

19.9

10191

26.1

 

Missing/not stated

3

3.0

3

1.5

 

13

1.1

 

126

0.3

 
 

Total

99

100.0

201

100.0

 

1220

100.0

 

39112

100.0

 
  1. (i) For each group, live born singleton births and first births during the study period (index births) only.
  2. (ii) Births to women who were incarcerated for a minimum of five consecutive days during this pregnancy.
  3. (iii) Births to women were not incarcerated during this pregnancy, but were incarcerated at another time during the study period.
  4. (iv) A random 10% sample of births to women who were not incarcerated at all during the study period.
  5. (v) Chi-square tests were used to test for differences between study and control groups in labour and delivery outcomes.