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Table 3 Maternal, first ANC visit and delivery characteristics of pregnancies that resulted in stillbirths and live births

From: The association between timing of initiation of antenatal care and stillbirths: a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa

 

Outcomes

Stillborn

Alive

p-value

Number of observations (%)

119 (0.4)

27,594 (99.6)

 

Parity (n) (%)

   

Nulliparous

50 (42.0)

11,868 (43.0)

0.83

Primi/Multiparous

69 (58.0)

15,726 (57.0)

Educational level (n) (%)

   

None or primary

9 (7.6)

1,290 (4.7)

0.16

Secondary or tertiary

78 (65.6)

17,207 (62.4)

Missing

32 (26.9)

9,097 (33.0)

Race (n) (%)

   

Coloured

56 (47.1)

17,990 (65.2)

<0.001

Black

59 (49.6)

9,076 (32.9)

Other

4 (3.4)

528 (1.9)

Smoking (n) (%)

   

Non-smoking

71 (59.7)

13,509 (49.0)

<0.05

Smokers

26 (21.9)

6,678 (24.2)

Missing

22 (18.5)

7,407 (26.8)

First ANC visit facility (n) (%)

   

Primary care facility 1

15 (12.6)

1,513 (5.5)

<0.01

Primary care facility 2

21 (17.7)

6,652 (24.1)

Primary care facility 3

58 (48.7)

12,601 (45.7)

Primary care facility 4

25 (21.0)

6,828 (24.7)

First ANC visit year (n) (%)

   

2006

9 (7.6)

2,779 (10.1)

0.38

2007

51 (42.9)

10,043 (36.4)

2008

50 (42.0)

11,896 (43.1)

2009

9 (7.6)

2,876 (10.4)

Delivery facility (n) (%)

   

Primary care facility 1

3 (2.5)

684 (2.5)

<0.001

Primary care facility 2

0 (0.0)

38 (0.1)

Primary care facility 3

6 (5.0)

4,660 (16.9)

Primary care facility 4

9 (7.6)

7,513 (27.2)

Primary care facility 5

5 (4.2)

3,693 (13.4)

Secondary hospital 1

33 (27.7)

4,692 (17.0)

Tertiary hospital 1

3 (2.5)

1,492 (5.4)

Tertiary hospital 2

60 (50.4)

4,822 (17.5)

Maternal age

   

Median (IQR)

26 (21–31)

25 (21–29)

0.11

  1. IQR, Inter-quartile Range.